Who is Ted Bundy?

Ted Bundy, who was born as Theodore Robert Cowell, was a serial murderer who was convicted of the murder, rape, and kidnapping of his victims; Ted Bundy’s murderous spree lasted approximately 10 years from its inception until his arrest in the State of Florida. Although Ted Bundy had confessed to approximately 30 murders, reports have been issued citing Ted Bundy’s guilt in murders ranging from 26 to 115 in number.

Ted Bundy Profile

The following outlines the life and crimes of Ted Bundy

Date of Birth: Ted Bundy was born on November 24th, 1946 in Burlington, Vermont; he executed by the State of Florida on January 24th, 1989

Residence: Ted Bundy is recorded as changing locations and residences with regard to the location of the murders that he had committed; typically, Ted Bundy would target females enrolled in local colleges and universities located in the area of his residence – his residences have included between 5 and 6 States

Year of First Killing: Due to the heinous nature of his crimes, as well as his methods of the disposal of his victims, there has never been an official determination as to the year in which Ted Bundy’s first murder had taken place; currently, 1974 is considered to be the most accurate year in which his murders began – this involved an 18 year old female student at the University of Washington on January 4th, 1974

Year of Apprehension: On February 15th, 1978, Ted Bundy was arrested in the State of Florida subsequent to him traveling in his vehicle and undergoing a traffic stop by a Florida State Trooper; upon investigating the make and model of the vehicle, Ted Bundy’s care was reported as being stolen – after a briefly resisting physical apprehension, Ted Bundy was placed under arrest

Notable Details and Personal Information: The following personal details have been considered to be contributory to the behavior and criminal actions undertaken by Ted Bundy; in addition, these case details were made mention within Ted Bundy’s criminal trial:

Prior to his execution, Ted Bundy’s lawyer had mentioned that Ted Bundy may have been responsible for an abduction offense possibly occurring in 1969; however, this was never proven

Ted Bundy’s psychological assessment performed by a court psychiatrist had attributed depression, psychotic episodes, and rage to be the primary facilitators of his crimes; Ted Bundy had expressed that his grandparents – individuals who were responsible for his caretaking – were emotionally abusive

Locations of the Murders: Ted Bundy confessed to murders taking place in Washington State, Florida, Idaho, Oregon, Utah, and Colorado

Victims:  Ted Bundy was charged for the murder of 12 murders; however, he has been linked to as many as 115 murders

Status as a Serial Killer: Ted Bundy is classified as a serial killer due to the fact that Ted Bundy was convicted of the murder of 3 or more individuals within the duration of a single month

Nature of Victims: Ted Bundy’s victims were classified as females, who ranged in age; his primary victims were female students enrolled in local universities

Punishment and Conviction: On February 7th, 1980, Ted Bundy was sentenced to life imprisonment – as well as the death penalty – to be served in the Starke Correctional Facility, which resides in the State of Florida; he was executed by electrocution on January 24th, 1989

Who is Jared Loughner?

Jared Loughner is an individual who is currently incarcerated and awaiting trial for his involvement in the shootings that took place in the State of Arizona in January of 2011. Jared Loughner’s murderous spree occurring that day was responsible for the murder of 6 individuals, which included a Chief Justice of the Arizona State Court; in addition, Jared Loughner is accused of the attempted murder and injury of 14 other individuals – the attacks occurred at a Safeway Supermarket in Phoenix, Arizona:

Jared Loughner undertook his murderous actions at a rally being held by Congresswoman Gabrielle Giffords at a rally held for her constituents; Jared Loughner presumably attended this rally with the intention of assassinating Congresswoman Giffords

Although Gabrielle Giffords was critically wounded upon sustaining a gunshot wound to the head, Gabrielle Giffords was not killed; as of March of 2011, she continues to recover – her physicians expect her to fully recover

The Case Profile of Jared Loughner

The following is a case profile of both the crimes of Jared Loughner, as well as a legal classification of statutory legislation associated with the case:

Date of Birth: Jared Loughner was born on September 10th, 1988

Residence: Tucson, Arizona

Date of the Crime: January 8th, 2011

Legal Classification: Criminal Law and Administrative Law

Criminal Law; this legal field is defined as the analysis, regulation, and oversight of crimes committed against what is perceived to the ‘General Public’; in contrast to Civil Law, in which crimes are considered to be non-violent and specific to their targeted victim, Criminal cases typically include criminal activity presumed to compromise the safety of the public and public authority

Administrative Law – due to the fact that Congresswoman Giffords was an elected official; this legal field associated with events and circumstances in which the Federal Government of the United States engages its citizens, including the administration of government programs, the creation of agencies, and the establishment of a legal, regulatory federal standard

Date of the Trial: On March 9th, 2011, Jared Loughner pleaded ‘not guilty’ to all 49 charges for which he was indicted; these include murder, attempted murder, and the attack on a public official

Notable Details and Personal Information: The following personal details have been considered to be contributory to the behavior and criminal actions undertaken by Jared Loughner; in addition, these case details were made mention within Jared Loughner’s criminal trial:

Jared Loughner was removed from enrollment in Pima Community College as a result of his professors and fellow classmates entered a variety of complaints with regard to his behavior; Jared Loughner was not permitted to return to classes until he underwent psychiatric evaluation

Jared Loughner is reported as having purchased the .44 caliber firearm used in the shootings at a Walmart store; the failure of Walmart to conduct what were believed to be sufficient background checks on the part of anti-gun lobbyists was publicized subsequent to the investigation of the shootings

Victims:  Jared Loughner was charged for the murder of 6 individuals; however, he is accused injuring 14 victims

Criminal Status: Jared Loughner is classified as a mass murderer; this is due to the fact he killed 4 or more people in the midst of a single criminal act

The Background of New Jersey v. TLO (1985)

In 1984, in the Piscataway Township High School in New Jersey, a female student who was classified as a minor at the time of her arrest was convicted of possessing illegal paraphernalia utilized for the consumption of Marijuana; the acronym ‘T.L.O’ was given to her as a result of her status as a minor. The arrest occurred after the student was caught smoking Marijuana; subsequent to her being caught, the high school administration enacted a search of both her and her belongings – as a result of the search, they discovered that she was indeed in possession of paraphernalia presumed to be drug-related:

Within the student’s trial, she maintained that the school had violated her 4th Amendment rights, which provide for the protection of citizens of the United States from unlawful searches and investigative measures undertaken by law enforcement and authoritative entities

The student maintained that the school retained no right to search her belongings, which resulted in what she had cited as an expressed violation of her privacy

The Case Profile of New Jersey v. TLO

The following is a case profile of the legal trial eponymously titled ‘New Jersey v. TLO’:

Date of the Trial: March 28th, 1984

Legal Classification: Administrative Law; this legal field associated with events and circumstances in which the Federal Government of the United States engages its citizens, including the administration of government programs, the creation of agencies, and the establishment of a legal, regulatory federal standard

Accused Criminal Activity: The following criminal activity and charges were cited by ‘TLO’ against the State of New Jersey:

Although the student was caught smoking illegal narcotics on school grounds, she had maintained that her right to privacy had been violated as a result of the investigation undertaken by the school’s administration

United States Reports Case Number: 469 U.S. 325

Date of the Delivery of the Verdict: January 15th, 1985

Legal Venue: The Supreme Court of the United States

Judicial Officer Responsible for Ruling: Chief Justice Warren E. Burger

Involved Parties: The following are the parties named with regard to their involvement in the New Jersey v. TLO case:

The State of New Jersey was the plaintiff of the case

‘TLO’ – the acronym given to the high school student who was classified as a minor – was the defendant in the case

Verdict Delivered: The student was to remain guilty as charged; the Supreme Court stated that not only did her being caught smoking illegal narcotics serve as probable cause for the investigation, but events occurring on public school grounds are required to both be in adherence to legislation, as well as at the discretion of the institution

Associated Legislation with regard to New Jersey v. TLO: The following statutory regulations were employed with regard to the New Jersey v. TLO trial:

The 4th Amendment prohibits the unlawful search and seizure of resident belonging to citizens of the United States of America; this amendment also defines the rights of privacy awarded to citizens of the United States

Probable Cause is the legal instrument in which a law enforcement agent retains the right to search personal, private property belonging to an individual; this concept is rooted in suspicion and concern for the public well-being

The Background of Perry v. Schwarzenegger (2010)

In May of 2009, the County Court of Alameda County in the State of California had refused to allow same-sex couple Kristin Perry and Sandra Steir to receive a marriage license from the State of California, which would result in the legal recognition of their matrimony. As a result, Perry brought her case before the State Court of the State of California in order to dispute the illegality that she had maintained had befallen her and her partner. The ruling of the case rendered a verdict in favor of Perry, stating that Proposition 8 was in direct violation of her – and her partner’s – 14th Amendment Rights:

Proposition 8 was a proposed legislative Amendment to the State Constitution of California, which would remand preexisting legislature forbidding the marriage of couples of the same sex

The Equality Clause as expressed within the 14th Amendment to the Constitution allows the Federal Government to maintain authority over all legislation in the event that contrast and unfair advantage exists; this clause was imposed in order to ensure a uniform and equal legal treatment and process with regard to the general populace of the United States

The Due Process Clause as expressed within the 14th Amendment to the Constitution is defined as the government’s obligation to respect, maintain, and uphold the legal rights of its citizen in the event of an arrest; the government must retain an individual’s human rights and liberties – this includes fair, respectful, and ethical treatment devoid of undue bias and damage

The Case Profile of Perry v. Schwarzenegger

The following is a case profile of the legal trial eponymously titled ‘Perry v. Schwarzenegger’:

Date of the Trial: August 4th, 2010

Date of the Appeal: The appeal set forth by the State of California is currently pending to be heard before the Supreme Court of the United States

Legal Classification: Administrative Law; this legal field associated with events and circumstances in which the Federal Government of the United States engages its citizens, including the administration of government programs, the creation of agencies, and the establishment of a legal, regulatory federal standard

Accused Criminal Activity: The following criminal activity and charges were cited by Kristin M. Perry against the State of California within the appeal brought forth subsequent to the initial ruling:

Perry claimed that Proposition 8 was in direct violation of the civil rights and liberties entitled to individual citizens desiring to engage in legally-recognized, same-sex marriage(s)

California Circuit Court Case Number: No. 10-16696

Date of the Delivery of the Verdict: August 4th, 2010

Legal Venue of Perry v. Schwarzenegger: United States District Court for the Northern District of California

Involved Parties: The following are the parties named with regard to their involvement in the Perry v. Schwarzenegger case:

Kristin M. Perry; Plaintiff – Perry v. Schwarzenegger

The State of California; Defendant – Perry v. Schwarzenegger

Verdict Delivered:

Associated Legislation with regard to Perry v. Schwarzenegger: The following statutory regulations were employed with regard to the Perry v. Schwarzenegger trial:

The 14th Amendment illustrates legislation that disallows the government from infringing on the right(s) to pursue ‘Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness’ with regard to any and all citizens of the United States of America – this statute is applicable to all measures of gender, race, religion, and age

What is Picture Editing?

Picture Editing is the procedure of altering, modifying, and adjusting visual images or pictures, which can include drawing, photographs, film cells, or paintings. Within the realm of artistry and media, Picture Editing can take place in a variety of settings absent of political or ideological methodology; in contrast, Picture Editing taking place within the realm of censorship will tend to do so in accordance to the applicable authoritative guidelines latent within a particular – or jurisdictional – institution.

What Causes Picture Editing?

Within the act of Picture Editing lies a variety of classification parameters undertaken by both the administration mandating the Picture Editing, as well as the subject matter of the picture being edited; regulations and ideologies may range in nature with regard to religion, intended audience, public – or private – guidelines of acceptability, and statutory legislation. For example, the following circumstances in which Picture Editing took place differ both in the setting of the Picture editing, as well as the authoritarian reasoning behind the Picture editing:

Picture Editing of the Photograph of Joseph Stalin and Nikolai Yezhov (1940)

In 1920, following a speech given by Vladimir Lenin, a photograph of Joseph Stalin was taken with cabinet leader Nikolai Yezhov; however, in 1940 – subsequent to Yezhov’s execution – Stalin ordered that Yezhov be removed from the photograph. Due to the fact that two versions of the photograph were in existence, this type of Picture Editing incited concern on the part of Russian citizens that arose with regard to the integrity of the information and media provided to them by the Russian leadership.

Picture Editing of the Cover of National Geographic Magazine (1982)

In 1982, National Geographic magazine had features the Pyramids of Egypt on the cover of their publication; however, prior to the pressing of the issue, editors had noticed that the distance between the two pyramids would disallow for both pyramids to fit onto the cover of the magazine. As a result, the editors enacted measures of Picture Editing that altered the natural distance between the two pyramids in order to successfully allow them to fit on the cover:

Subsequent to the release of the issue of the magazine, National Geographic found themselves to be the subject a vast array of debate with regard to both the integrity of their photojournalism, as well as the legality surrounding the Picture Editing employed

Arguments were presented questioning the authority of a magazine considered to be rooted within factual and truthful portrayal of media to be permitted to depict fallacious imagery

Critics of National Geographic argued that legislation regulating the integrity of pictures  advertised as fact should be uniform with the legislation regulating text advertised as fact

Picture Editing Legislation

The National Press Photographers Association, which is also known by its acronym NPPA, has instated a code of ethics and procedure with regard to both the process and procedure of Picture Editing; this code was enacted in order to ensure that images rendered through photojournalism would be presented in authentic and factual manners in conjunction with the subject matter.

Who is Colin Ferguson?

Colin Ferguson is a convicted mass murderer responsible for the murder and injury of commuters on the Long Island Railroad (LIRR), which took place in a single killing spree on December 7th, 1993. On the day of the murders, Colin Ferguson purchased a train ticket at New York’s Pennsylvania Station and boarded a commuter train; at approximately 5:30 pm on that day, he was reported as walking down the aisles of the train car and executing passengers at random – after he had killed 6 passengers and injured 19 others, he was subdued by 3 of his fellow passengers.

Colin Ferguson Profile

The following outlines the crimes of Colin Ferguson

Date of Birth: Colin Ferguson was born on January 14th, 1958

Residence: Flatbush, Brooklyn in the State of New York

Year of First Killing: Colin Ferguson’s only reported killings took place on a single day on December 7th, 1993

Year of Apprehension: Subsequent to being subdued by other passengers on the train, Colin Ferguson was apprehended the same day as the shootings took place

Notable Details and Personal Information: The following personal details have been considered to be contributory to the behavior and criminal actions undertaken by Colin Ferguson; in addition, these case details were made mention within Colin Ferguson’s criminal trial:

Both parents of Colin Ferguson had died within a short time of each other; as a result, Colin Ferguson was reported as being unable to obtain a sufficient work visa – this was said to have frustrated Colin Ferguson with regard to his lack of gainful employment

The defense team offering representation to Colin Ferguson stated that he had acted out of ‘Black Rage’ – a term adopted by the defense in order to associate racial motivation to Colin Ferguson’s killings

Locations of the Murders: A train passing through Garden City, which is a village on Long Island, in the State of New York

Victims:  Colin Ferguson was charged for the murder of 6 individuals and the injuring of 19 from gun shot wounds

Status as a Serial Killer: Colin Ferguson is not classified as a serial killer, but instead, he is classified as a mass murderer; this is due to the fact that he murdered upwards of 4 people in a finite period of time – a serial killer is defined as a n individual responsible for killing 3 or more people in a month’s time prior to killing again

Nature of Victims: The 6 victims of Colin Ferguson’s murder spree were commuters on the Long Island Rail Road car named as: Amy Federici, James Gorycki, Mi Kyung Kim, Maria Magtoto, Dennis McCarthy, and Richard Nettleton – all of Colin Ferguson’s victims were listed as being Long Island residents.

Punishment and Conviction: On February 17th, 1995, Colin Ferguson was convicted of the murder of 6 individuals, as well as the attempted murder of 19 other individuals; prior to his trial, he was held in incarceration without bail or bond. Colin Ferguson is currently serving his 315 and ½ year sentence at the Attica Correctional Facility in the State of New York; he is considered to be serving a natural life sentence, which presumes that he will live out the duration of his natural life incarcerated,

Who is David Berkowitz?

David Berkowitz is a serial killer who undertook his murderous spree within the State of New York; he is commonly known in accordance to his moniker ‘Son of Sam’, which he had given to himself as a result of his assumed possession by a demonic spirit named ‘Sam’ – David Berkowitz claimed that his possessing demon instructed to him to commit murders through the use of a neighborhood dog as a mouthpiece for such instruction. David Berkowitz’s murderous spree took place between July of 1976 and August of 1977; he was convicted of the murder of 6 individuals and the attempted murder of 2 other individuals.

David Berkowitz Profile

The following outlines the crimes of David Berkowitz

Date of Birth: David Berkowitz was born on June 1st, 1952 in Brooklyn, New York

Residence: 25 Pine Street; this apartment was located in Yonkers, New York

Year of First Killing: David Berkowitz’s first victim was a female named Donna Lauria on July 29th, 1976; Lauria was in a parked car at the time of her murder

Year of Apprehension: After several reports submitted by Yonkers residents, David Berkowitz was arrested on August 10th, 1977; as the time of his arrest, he had a .44 Caliber Bulldog handgun on his person – this weapon matched the ballistic reports submitted with regard to the investigation of Berkowitz’s other murders

Notable Details and Personal Information: The following personal details have been considered to be contributory to the behavior and criminal actions undertaken by David Berkowitz; in addition, these case details were made mention within David Berkowitz’s criminal trial:

David Berkowitz had continually sent correspondence letters to local newspapers and law enforcement agencies in which he demanded that the letters be printed; within the text of his letters, he undertook ranting about his demonic possession and nature of his murders

Subsequent to his arrest and conviction, a legal statute known as the ‘Son of Sam Law’ was enacted that prohibited criminals from profiting from their crimes. Prior to this law being passed, criminals were permitted to be paid for exclusive interviews, in addition to render profit from the sale of their possessions to collectors

Locations of the Murders: David Berkowitz’s murderous spree spanned many of the 5 Boroughs of New York City, including Manhattan, the Bronx, and Brooklyn

Victims:  David Berkowitz was charged for the murder of 6 individuals, as well as the attempted murder of 8 individuals

Status as a Serial Killer: David Berkowitz is classified as a serial killer due to the fact that David Berkowitz was convicted of the murder of 3 or more individuals within the duration of a single month; subsequent to these murders, David Berkowitz undertook a break or a ‘rest’ for varying durations of time prior to continuing to murder

Nature of Victims: With regard to the 6 victims murdered by David Berkowitz, 5 of them were females named as Donna Lauria, Christine Freund, Virginia Voskerichian, Valentina Suriani, Stacy Moskowitz; 1 of Berkowitz’s victims was a male named Alexander Esau –  all of his victims were seated in parked cars prior to their respective murders

Punishment and Conviction: On June 12th, 1978, David Berkowitz was sentenced to 365 years in prison without the possibility of parole; he is currently serving his life sentence in the Attica Correctional Facility in the State of New York

Who is Dennis Rader?

Dennis Rader is a convicted serial killer who is also known by his moniker ‘The BTK Killer’, which is an anagram symbolizing ‘Bind, Torture, and Kill’; this nature of killing was considered to be one that Dennis Rader employed in each of his 10 killings, which took place between the years 1974 and 1991 in the State of Kansas. Dennis Rader was known for his method of binding and subduing his victims with rope or pantyhose prior to strangling them; apart from only 1 of his murders, Dennis Rader strangled or caused the suffocation of all of his victims.

Dennis Rader Profile

The following outlines the crimes of Dennis Rader

Date of Birth: Dennis Rader was born on March 9th, 1945 in Pittsburgh, Kansas

Residence: During the time of his killing spree, Dennis Rader was presumed to reside in Wichita, Kansas

Year of First Killing: Dennis Rader’s first killing took place on January 15th, 1974; his victim was named Joseph Otero – a 38 year old male resident of Wichita, Kansas. Otero was reported to have been suffocated by Dennis Rader through the use of a plastic bag.

Year of Apprehension: Dennis Rader was arrested on February 25th, 2005 – more than a decade after his last reported murder

Notable Details and Personal Information: The following personal details have been considered to be contributory to the behavior and criminal actions undertaken by Dennis Rader; in addition, these case details were made mention within Dennis Rader’s criminal trial:

Dennis Rader began sending correspondence to local law enforcement agencies and newspapers with regard to his murderous spree; a spree that was assumed to have become a ‘cold case’ – a cold case is a term for criminal investigations that have neither been solved nor are currently undergoing investigation

Subsequent to sending correspondence to law enforcement agency in the form of an electronic file, Dennis Rader mistakenly left an electronic document bearing his first name; this prompted a reopening of the ‘BTK Killer’ investigation

Dennis Rader was not only married, but also was a father; he served as a troop leader for his son’s Cub Scout troop

Locations of the Murders: All of Dennis Rader’s murders took place in Wichita, Kansas

Victims:  Dennis Rader was charged for the murder of 10 individuals

Status as a Serial Killer: Dennis Rader is classified as a serial killer due to the fact that Dennis Rader was convicted of the murder of 3 or more individuals within the duration of a single month; his murderous spree lasted almost 2 decades with breaks or ‘rests’ being taken in the interim

Nature of Victims: The nature of Dennis Rader’s 10 victims ranged in both gender and age; he victims were named as: Joseph Otero, Julie Otero, Joseph Otero, Jr., Josephine Otero, Kathryn Bright, Shirley Vian, Nancy Fox, Marine Hedge, Vicki Wegerle, and Dolores Davis.

Punishment and Conviction: Dennis Rader was convicted of all 10 of his murders, which resulted in 10 consecutive life sentences; he is currently serving what is considered a ‘natural life’ sentence – this means that he will presumably die will incarcerated in the El Dorado Correctional Facility in the State of Kansas.

Who is Ed Gein?

Ed Gein was a murderer residing in Lacrosse County, Wisconsin who was convicted of murdering a single individual due to the fact of the severity and disturbing nature of his crimes; in addition to murder, Ed Gein was also convicted of kidnapping, illegally-exhuming corpses from local graveyards, necrophilia, and the defacement of human bodies. Although Ed Gein may be responsible for other murders, he was deemed to lack the mental capability required to stand trial.

Ed Gein Profile

The following outlines the crimes of Ed Gein

Date of Birth: Ed Gein was born on August 27th, 1906; he died of pulmonary and respiratory complications while incarcerated in the State of Wisconsin – his death took place on July 26th, 1984

Residence: Lacrosse County, Wisconsin

Year of First Killing: As previously mentioned, Ed Gein’s crimes typically involved the unlawful and illegal removal of corpses from surrounding gravesites in order to construct household structures from their anatomical parts; the only 2 murders to which Ed Gein confessed were that of Mary Hogan in 1954 and Bernice Worden in 1957 – he was convicted of Worden’s murder

Year of Apprehension: November 16th, 1957; subsequent to the disappearance of hardware store clerk Bernice Worden, Ed Gein was named as the last individual to see her as she worked in the store; law enforcement agents searched Ed Gein’s home and discovered not only Worden’s corpse, but a multitude of mutilated corpses

Notable Details and Personal Information: The following personal details have been considered to be contributory to the behavior and criminal actions undertaken by Ed Gein; in addition, these case details were made mention within Ed Gein’s criminal trial:

A barn belonging to Ed Gein’s family was reported as destroyed in a fire in 1944; upon investigation, Ed Gein’s brother was found dead presumably as a result of injuries suffered from the fire – subsequent to his conviction, speculation was set forth stating that Ed Gein may have killed his brother

Ed Gein lived alone on their family’s farm until her death in 1945; subsequent to her death, Ed Gein was reported as posthumously carrying on conversations with his mother, in addition to preserving her corpse within his home

Locations of the Murders: Lacrosse County, Wisconsin

Victims:  Ed Gein was charged for the murder of 1 individual named Bernice Worden; however, he has been linked to as many as 2 other murders – only one other to which he had confessed

Status as a Serial Killer: Ed Gein is not classified as a serial killer due to the fact that Ed Gein was not convicted of the murder of 3 or more individuals within the duration of a single month; in contrast, Ed Gein’s murders were spread apart in periods of time exceeding a single month

Nature of Victims: Ed Gein primarily participated in the illegal robbery of corpses and their subsequent mutilation and defacement; however, he was believed to have murdered individuals whom he had perceived to share a resemblance to his deceased mother

Punishment and Conviction: On November 21st, 1957, Ed Gein was found guilty for the murder of Bernice Worden that had taken place earlier that year; however, he was found to be mentally insane and unfit to not only stand trial, but retain a conviction for the murder – he was sentenced to life incarceration in the Mendota Mental Health Institute in the State of Wisconsin. He dies there on July 26th, 1984.