Full Opinion (html_with_citations)

                  THE SUPREME COURT, STATE OF WYOMING
2022 WY 164

                                                                   OCTOBER TERM, A.D. 2022

                                                                         December 29, 2022

 MERRITT ENGEBRETSEN,

 Appellant
 (Defendant),

 v.                                                                S-22-0100

 LISA ENGEBRETSEN,

 Appellee
 (Plaintiff).


                       Appeal from the District Court of Natrona County
                         The Honorable Catherine E. Wilking, Judge

Representing Appellant:
      Stacy M. Kirven of Kirven Law, LLC, Sheridan, WY.

Representing Appellee:
      Mark E. Drury of Law Office of Mark E. Drury, Casper, WY.

Before FOX, C.J., and KAUTZ, BOOMGAARDEN, FENN, JJ., and CAMPBELL, DJ.




NOTICE: This opinion is subject to formal revision before publication in Pacific Reporter Third. Readers are
requested to notify the Clerk of the Supreme Court, Supreme Court Building, Cheyenne, Wyoming 82002, of
any typographical or other formal errors so that correction may be made before final publication in the
permanent volume.
FENN, Justice.

[¶1] Merritt Engebretsen (Husband) and Lisa Engebretsen (Wife) divorced after almost
17 years of marriage. Husband contends the district court abused its discretion when it
denied his motions to continue the bench trial. He also appeals the district court’s division
of marital property, claiming it was error to award him real property that belonged to his
parents and to order him to make an equalization payment to Wife. We affirm.

                                          ISSUES

[¶2]   Husband presents two issues, which we rephrase as follows:

              I.     Did the district court abuse its discretion when it denied
                     Husband’s motions to continue the bench trial?

              II.    Did the district court abuse its discretion in its division
                     of marital property and debts?

                                          FACTS

[¶3] The parties were married on July 8, 2005. Wife filed her complaint for divorce in
January 2020, but the parties did not separate until March 2020. The district court
scheduled the bench trial for February 18, 2022. On December 30, 2021, Husband’s
counsel filed a motion to withdraw and a motion to continue the bench trial. Husband’s
counsel indicated he was retiring from the practice of law effective December 31, 2021,
and he would no longer be able to practice law. Husband’s counsel represented he and
Husband made diligent efforts to obtain substitute counsel, but these attempts were
unsuccessful, so Husband needed more time to obtain substitute counsel. Wife opposed
the continuance. She asserted Husband had not made any attempts to settle the case in the
past two years, he did not meaningfully participate in mediation, he should have known
about his attorney’s retirement sooner, and she would be unduly and unreasonably
burdened by any further delay.

[¶4] The district court held a hearing on the motion to continue on February 2, 2022.
Although the record is unclear, it appears Husband represented himself at that hearing. The
district court orally denied the motion to continue, and it instructed Wife’s counsel to
prepare a written order denying the motion. This order, which was not entered until after
the bench trial, did not contain any rationale for the district court’s decision to deny the
motion.

[¶5] After the district court orally denied Husband’s motion to continue, he retained new
counsel who entered an appearance on his behalf on February 9, 2022. Husband’s new
attorney filed another motion to continue that same day. This motion indicated the need


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for a continuance was out of Husband’s control because his former counsel’s retirement
was sudden and unexpected. The motion also indicated former counsel had not filed
requests for discovery, pretrial disclosures, or expert witness designations. New counsel
requested a continuance to allow review of discovery, designation of experts, and
preparation and filing of necessary pleadings and disclosures. The motion also indicated
Wife’s counsel objected to the continuance. The district court denied this motion without
a hearing. The order did not include any reason for denying the motion.

[¶6] The day before the trial was set to begin, Husband filed his pretrial disclosures under
Rule 26(a)(3) of the Wyoming Rules of Civil Procedure. This pleading informed the
district court that Husband’s former counsel had not actually retired, but instead had been
suspended from the practice of law effective January 5, 2022. When new counsel took
over, she discovered there was an outstanding discovery issue, which she took steps to
correct. However, pretrial disclosures could not be completed until she met with Husband
to review the hundreds of pages of documents Wife produced in discovery. New counsel
asked the district court to allow Husband to call witnesses and present exhibits that had not
previously been disclosed.

[¶7] At the beginning of the trial, Wife’s counsel objected to Husband calling any
witnesses or presenting any exhibits that had not been timely disclosed. Husband’s new
counsel argued Husband was not to blame for his former counsel’s conduct, and he would
be prejudiced if he was not allowed to present evidence. Rather than completely
prohibiting Husband from calling witnesses or presenting exhibits, the district court stated
it would rule on each objection as it was made.

[¶8] The following evidence was presented at the trial. Shortly after the parties married,
Wife went to work for the Casper Star Tribune as an advertising sales representative.
Husband was working for James Cable. Wife left the Casper Star Tribune in 2010 and
went to real estate school. Wife began working for Realty Executives in 2010. Husband
left James Cable in 2012 and went to work for Century Link, where he worked for two
years before going to work for Union Wireless.

[¶9] Wife was unexpectedly terminated from Realty Executives in January 2016. The
parties decided to start a real estate business together. Both parties incurred debt to start
the business. In addition, Wife used the money she had set aside for her 2015 taxes to pay
the parties’ living expenses and business expenses while the company was starting up. As
a result, the IRS placed a tax lien for approximately $34,000 on the parties’ home in 2017.
The parties borrowed $50,000 from Husband’s 401k to pay off that debt. The loan from
Husband’s 401k had not been fully repaid as of the date of separation. Wife believed there
was approximately $30,000 remaining on this loan at that time.

[¶10] Wife testified that she and Husband worked around the clock for the first two weeks
to get the real estate business up and running. Husband built the website and took care of


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online advertising while she dealt with “the nuts and bolts of setting up the business.” After
those two weeks, Wife continued working 12–15 hours a day selling houses to pay
Husband back for the debt he had incurred. Although the company paid for Husband to
get a real estate license, he never sold a home or commercial property.

[¶11] The office manager for the parties’ real estate company testified Wife worked as a
real estate agent and property manager in addition to her duties as the owner of the
company. The office manager also testified Husband would come into the office three-to-
five days a week, and he would occasionally answer phones, help take rental payments,
and show rental properties if no one else was available. Husband continued to work full-
time for Union Wireless. Husband stopped coming into the real estate company’s office
approximately three months before Wife filed for divorce.

[¶12] Wife’s business valuation expert opined the parties’ real estate company had a value
of $48,000 as of the date of separation. Husband did not agree with this valuation, but he
did not offer an alternative valuation. From 2018–2020 the real estate company paid
Husband approximately $120,000. Wife testified this money was to pay him back for the
debts he incurred when starting the business and to compensate him for the work he did for
the company. Husband claimed he did not know this $120,000 was paid to him, and he
thought this money was the profits Wife “was able to get out of the business.” During this
same period, the company paid Wife close to $600,000.

[¶13] After the parties separated, Husband moved into a home on Williams Street in
Evansville, Wyoming. Husband used the parties’ real estate business to assist him with
preparing the paperwork to purchase this property. Husband made the initial bid on the
property in January or February of 2020. Wife presented some evidence that this property
was originally going to be titled in Husband’s name, but it was subsequently titled in his
parents’ names. The Williams Street property was purchased for $75,500 in cash, and there
is no mortgage against that property. Husband testified his parents purchased this property
as an investment, and they are allowing him to live in it while he fixes it up.

[¶14] Wife remained in the marital home after the separation. Wife’s real estate valuation
expert opined the marital home was worth between $300,000 and $310,000 as of the date
of the separation. The mortgage on the marital home had a balance of approximately
$245,000 at that time.

[¶15] At the time of the marriage, Husband’s 401k had a balance of approximately
$36,000. At the time of separation, Husband’s 401k had a balance of approximately
$142,000. Husband also had an employee stock ownership plan with his current employer,
which he believed to be worth around $12,000.

[¶16] The district court issued written findings of fact, conclusions of law, and a decree
of divorce. The district court awarded the marital home to Wife, subject to the mortgage


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thereon. The district court awarded Husband “all right, title and interest, be it actual,
contingent or anticipatory,” in the Williams Street property. Wife received all “right, title
and interest” in the parties’ real estate company and all the associated business debts.
Husband received his entire 401k. Wife was awarded a truck, subject to the indebtedness
thereon, and Husband was awarded two vehicles, a camper, two motorcycles, and two
ATVs, all of which were fully paid off. The district court also divided the martial debts
between the parties. In addition to the mortgage and business debts, Wife was assigned
$79,926 in additional debts. Husband was assigned debts totaling $54,277. Finally, the
district court ordered Husband to pay Wife an equalization payment in the amount of
$20,000. This appeal timely followed.

                                       DISCUSSION

   I.     Did the district court abuse its discretion when it denied Husband’s motions
          to continue the bench trial?

[¶17] Husband argues the district court abused its discretion and violated his constitutional
right to due process when it denied his motions to continue the trial. He asserts the district
court should have granted his motions because the reasons necessitating the continuance
were beyond his control, and he was prejudiced by his former counsel’s conduct. Wife
asserts Husband is partly to blame for the events that necessitated the continuance because
“Husband knew or should have known that his [former] attorney was not taking the
necessary steps to prepare his case for trial,” but Husband did not take steps to retain new
counsel until two weeks before the bench trial.

[¶18] The district court has broad discretion to grant or deny a continuance, and we will
not reverse absent a manifest abuse of discretion. Conzelman v. Conzelman,
2019 WY 123, ¶ 11
,
453 P.3d 773, 777
 (Wyo. 2019) (quoting Wunsch v. Pickering,
2008 WY 131, ¶ 15
,
195 P.3d 1032, 1039
 (Wyo. 2008)).

              To find an abuse of discretion, the refusal must be so arbitrary
              as to deny appellant due process, and the burden rests upon
              appellant to prove actual prejudice and a violation of his rights.
              Upon review, we look at the peculiar circumstances of the
              case and the reasons presented to the trial judge at the time
              of the request.
Id.
 (quoting Wunsch, ¶ 15,
195 P.3d at 1039
) (emphasis added). Replacing counsel or the
“withdrawal of counsel does not always provide grounds for the granting of a continuance.”
Id.
 (quoting Byrd v. Mahaffey,
2003 WY 137, ¶ 6
,
78 P.3d 671, 673
 (Wyo. 2003)). When
“a party requests a continuance based on the withdrawal of counsel,” that party “must show
good cause for doing so.”
Id.
 (quoting Shanor v. Eng’g, Inc. of Wyo.,
705 P.2d 858, 861
(Wyo. 1985)). The district court may deny a motion for a continuance “if the need for the


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continuance is caused by the movant.” Id. at ¶ 13,
453 P.3d at 778
 (quoting Byrd, ¶ 26,
78 P.3d at 678
).

[¶19] Our review of this issue is constrained because Husband did not provide a transcript
of the hearing on the first motion to continue, nor did he obtain a statement of the evidence
under Rule 3.03 of the Wyoming Rules of Appellate Procedure. “We have cautioned that
‘the appellant bears the responsibility of bringing forth a sufficient record for the Court’s
review. When []he does not, we assume that the district court’s orders and rulings were
correct, and summarily affirm the district court’s decision.’” Rush v. Golkowski,
2021 WY 27, ¶ 16
,
480 P.3d 1174, 1178
 (Wyo. 2021) (quoting Rammell v. Mountainaire Animal
Clinic, P.C.,
2019 WY 53
, ¶ 30,
442 P.3d 41, 49
 (Wyo. 2019)). “To the extent that we can
assess the district court’s exercise of discretion based on the limited record before us, we
shall do so. Otherwise, we will summarily affirm.”
Id.

[¶20] Husband claims his former counsel “misrepresented to Husband the seriousness of
the investigation he was under with regard to his ethical violations.” He further asserts
former counsel “misled Husband by telling him that everything was going well in his case;
the proper pleadings were being filed, discovery requests had been sent, discovery
responses were provided, experts were being retained, etc.” In addition, he asserts former
counsel “made constant representations” to Husband that he would be available for the
bench trial, and former counsel “had arranged for another attorney to take over the case
once he knew he was going to be suspended prior to trial.” However, that attorney was not
available on the trial date, leaving Husband without counsel and a case that was not ready
for trial. The record indicates Husband did not provide complete information to the district
court at the time his motions to continue were made.

[¶21] Husband’s first motion to continue indicated his counsel was retiring and would no
longer be allowed to practice law, and he needed more time to find substitute counsel. It
did not mention former counsel’s upcoming suspension, nor did it give any indication there
were outstanding discovery issues or that experts had not been retained. We do not know
what additional facts were presented at the hearing on this motion, which took place more
than one month after the first motion to continue was filed, nor do we know if the district
court announced any specific reasons for denying that motion. Because the record is
insufficient to allow us to review the district court’s exercise of discretion, we will
summarily affirm its decision to deny the first motion to continue.

[¶22] Husband’s second motion was filed just over one week before the bench trial was
set to begin. At that time, the case had been pending for two years and Wife had already
filed expert witness designations, pretrial disclosures, and subpoenaed witnesses.
Husband’s second motion to continue did not indicate former counsel had been suspended,
nor did it set forth any of the alleged misrepresentations former counsel had made to
Husband concerning his suspension or the availability of substitute counsel. Because
Husband did not present these facts to the district court in his second motion to continue,


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it had no facts before it from which it could conclude the need for the continuance was not
caused by Husband. The district court knew Wife objected to the continuance, and it could
have reasonably concluded Wife would be prejudiced by delaying the trial. Considering
the reasons Husband actually presented to the district court in his second motion to
continue, we cannot say the district court’s decision to deny the second motion was “‘so
arbitrary as to deny’ [Husband] due process.” Conzelman,
2019 WY 123, ¶ 14
,
453 P.3d at 778
 (quoting Wunsch,
2008 WY 131, ¶ 15
,
195 P.3d at 1039
).

   II.     Did the district court abuse its discretion in its division of marital property and
           debts?

[¶23] “Disposition of marital property is ‘committed to the sound discretion of the district
court.’” Snyder v. Snyder,
2021 WY 115, ¶ 7
,
496 P.3d 1255
, 1257 (Wyo. 2021) (quoting
Begley v. Begley,
2020 WY 77, ¶ 20
,
466 P.3d 276, 283
 (Wyo. 2020)). “We review the
district court’s property disposition for an abuse of discretion.” Morrison v. Rubio,
2022 WY 26, ¶ 16
,
504 P.3d 251
, 255 (Wyo. 2022) (quoting Innes v. Innes,
2021 WY 137, ¶ 16
,
500 P.3d 259
, 262 (Wyo. 2021)). “A court abuses its discretion when ‘the property
disposition shocks the conscience of this Court and appears to be so unfair and inequitable
that reasonable people cannot abide it.’”
Id.
 (quoting Long v. Long,
2018 WY 26
, ¶ 22,
413 P.3d 117, 125
 (Wyo. 2018)). The record must show “clear grounds” for altering the
property distribution because “the trial court is usually in a better position than the appellate
court to judge the parties’ needs and the merits of their positions.” Snyder, ¶ 7, 496 P.3d at
1257 (quoting Metz v. Metz,
2003 WY 3, ¶ 6
,
61 P.3d 383, 385
 (Wyo. 2003)).

[¶24] A district court’s division of property in a divorce is governed by Wyoming Statute
§ 20-2-114(a) (LexisNexis 2021) which states:

              [I]n granting a divorce, the court shall make such disposition
              of the property of the parties as appears just and equitable,
              having regard for the respective merits of the parties and the
              condition in which they will be left by the divorce, the party
              through whom the property was acquired and the burdens
              imposed upon the property for the benefit of either party. . . .

“There are no specific guidelines as to the weight the district court must afford the statutory
considerations when making a property division.” Morrison,
2022 WY 26, ¶ 19
, 504 P.3d
at 256 (quoting Innes,
2021 WY 137, ¶ 15
, 500 P.3d at 262). This statute “does not require
an equal division of property.”
Id.
 (quoting Malli v. Malli,
2020 WY 42, ¶ 16
,
460 P.3d 245, 249
 (Wyo. 2020)). “[A] just and equitable division of property is just as likely not to
be equal.”
Id.
 (quoting Long,
2018 WY 26
, ¶ 22,
413 P.3d at 125
). We evaluate the equity
of the district court’s property division “from the perspective of the overall distribution
rather than from a narrow focus on the effects of any particular distribution.”
Id.
 (quoting
Innes, ¶ 17, 500 P.3d at 262).


                                               6
[¶25] Husband alleges the district court lacked jurisdiction to award Husband the
Williams Street property because it belonged to his parents. He also asserts the district
court erred when it assigned the Williams Street Property a value of $150,000, thereby
creating “a false net worth” for Husband. Finally, he argues the district court abused its
discretion when it ordered him to make a $20,000 equalization payment to Wife. Wife
asserts there is nothing in the record to support a claim the district court treated the
Williams Street property as marital property subject to division. She argues the district
court only considered the Williams Street property when analyzing the condition in which
each party would be left after the divorce under Wyoming Statute § 20-2-114(a).

[¶26] After reviewing the record, it is apparent the district court did not improperly
include the Williams Street property in its division of marital property. In its findings of
fact, the district court noted Wife “will have a home worth $305,000.00 with sole
responsibility for a $245,643.00 mortgage” while Husband “will be living in a home with
an approximate value of $150,000.00 paid for in cash with no mortgage.” This shows the
district court was considering the condition in which the parties would be left after the
divorce, as it was required to do under Wyoming Statute § 20-2-114(a).

[¶27] There was some evidence presented at trial that Husband might have some kind of
interest in the Williams Street property. Wife presented evidence the property was
originally going to be titled in Husband’s name, but it was ultimately placed in his parents’
names. Due to this evidence, the district court awarded Husband whatever “actual,
contingent or anticipatory” interest he might have in the Williams Street property. The
district court did not make any findings that Husband actually had an interest in the
Williams Street property or that the value of that interest was $150,000. Based on the
limited and conflicting evidence presented regarding the ownership and value of the
Williams Street property, we do not find the district court abused its discretion by awarding
Husband whatever interest the parties might have in the property. Because the district court
never placed a value on this interest, we conclude the district court’s property division did
not provide a false net worth to Husband.

[¶28] When considering whether the district court abused its discretion in ordering
Husband to make the equalization payment, we must look at the overall distribution.
Morrison,
2022 WY 26, ¶ 19
, 504 P.3d at 256 (quoting Innes, ¶ 17, 500 P.3d at 262). While
Wife was awarded the marital home and the real estate business, she was also awarded a
larger portion of the marital debt, and she has no retirement savings. Husband is leaving
the marriage with significantly less debt than Wife, a free place to live, his entire 401(k),
and several assets that are unencumbered by any debt. After considering the statutory
factors and dividing the parties’ assets and debts, the district court determined it was
equitable to require Husband to make a $20,000 equalization payment to Wife. “The
record demonstrates that the district court could reasonably conclude as it did, and its
division of property[,] including the equalization payment[,] does not ‘shock the


                                             7
conscience of this court.’” See Morrison,
2022 WY 26, ¶ 30
, 504 P.3d at 257 (citing Begley,
2020 WY 77, ¶ 20
,
466 P.3d at 283
).

                                    CONCLUSION

[¶29] The district court did not abuse its discretion when it denied Husband’s motions to
continue the bench trial or in its disposition of the marital property. We affirm.




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