People v. Ballerstein
Full Opinion (html_with_citations)
Appeal from a judgment of the Wyoming County Court (Mark H. Dadd, J.), rendered December 7, 2006. The judgment convicted defendant, upon a jury verdict, of course of sexual conduct against a child in the first degree and sexual abuse in the first degree.
It is hereby ordered that the judgment so appealed from is unanimously reversed as a matter of discretion in the interest of justice and on the law and a new trial is granted.
Memorandum: Defendant appeals from a judgment convicting bim upon a jury verdict of course of sexual conduct against a child in the first degree (Penal Law § 130.75 [1] [a]) and sexual abuse in the first degree (§ 130.65 [3]). We reject defendant’s contention that the verdict is against the weight of the evidence (see generally People v Bleakley, 69 NY2d 490, 495 [1987]). We
Addressing first the cumulative effect of evidentiary errors, we agree with defendant that County Court erred in admitting hearsay, including excerpts from the victim’s diary, testimony relating to the victim’s menstruation, testimony from the ex-boyfriend of the victim’s mother concerning a videotape that he never viewed, and testimony from various witnesses concerning the victim’s allegations of sexual abuse. We note in particular that the court admitted in evidence the double hearsay testimony of the medical director of the Child Advocacy Center with respect to statements made by the victim to a nurse at the center when the medical director was not present, despite the fact that the court had granted defendant’s motion in limine seeking to preclude that testimony. Moreover, all of the victim’s statements made at the Child Advocacy Center were inadmissible because they were made during the course of a forensic examination and were not “relevant to diagnosis and treatment” (People v Bradley, 15 AD3d 840, 841 [2005], lv denied 4 NY3d 851 [2005]; see People v Brown [Burcham], 262 AD2d 328 [1999], lv denied 94 NY2d 820 [1999]; cf. People v Thomas, 282 AD2d 827, 828 [2001], lv denied 96 NY2d 925 [2001]). The error in the admission of the victim’s statements made at the Child Advocacy Center was compounded by the improper admission of the medical director’s opinion testimony concerning the credibility of the victim’s statements. The opinion testimony of the medical director improperly intruded upon the function of the jury to determine whether to credit the victim’s statements (see People v Eberle, 265 AD2d 881, 882 [1999]). Nevertheless, we conclude that the court properly admitted the testimony of the medical director that the victim was acting out sexually. He testified that such behavior could be a sign of sexual abuse, although there could be other explanations for that behavior, and he was properly allowed to testify as an expert on that issue because his testimony was “not within the ken of a typical juror” (People v Cintron, 75 NY2d 249, 267 [1990]; see generally Matter of Nicole V., 71 NY2d 112, 120-122 [1987]).
We thus conclude that reversal is required based upon the cumulative effect of evidentiary errors and prosecutorial misconduct, which substantially prejudiced defendant’s rights (see generally People v Calabria, 94 NY2d 519, 523 [2000]). In light of our determination, we do not reach defendant’s remaining contention. Present—Centra, J.P, Lunn, Peradotto, Green and Pine, JJ.