Mancuso v. Rubin
Full Opinion (html_with_citations)
Ordered that the order is affirmed, with one bill of costs to the respondents appearing separately and filing separate briefs.
In January 2005 the plaintiff entered into a contract to purchase a single-family home in Hartsdale, New York, from the defendants Edward Rubin and Valerie M. Rubin (hereinafter the Rubins). Shortly thereafter, the plaintiff hired the defendant Tauscher Cronacher, P.E., P.C. (hereinafter the engineering company) to conduct a prepurchase inspection of the home and prepare a report. The agreement between the plaintiff and the engineering company included a provision stating that if the engineering company was subsequently found liable to the plaintiff for any loss or damage arising out of the inspection and report, its liability would be limited to the $200 fee paid for those services. The ensuing inspection report concluded, inter alia, that based upon observation of those portions of the house that were accessible, no âactive termites or termite action was apparent.â The engineering company also issued a termite inspection certification which reiterated that no evidence of active termite action was apparent, but advised the plaintiff that âbecause of the insidious habits of termites, no responsibility for a termite condition that may exist or may be starting and was not visible, is assumed.â The certification added that it was ânot a warranty or a guaranty that there are no termites.â The
The plaintiff subsequently commenced this action asserting causes of action against the Rubins to recover damages for breach of contract and fraudulent concealment, and asserting causes of action against the engineering company to recover damages for breach of contract, professional malpractice, and negligence. She later served an amended complaint to assert additional causes of action against the engineering company to recover damages for fraud, gross negligence, and violation of General Business Law § 349. Prior to joinder of issue, the engineering company moved for partial summary judgment dismissing the third, fourth, and seventh causes of action, alleging breach of contract, professional malpractice, and negligence, respectively, to the extent that they seek to recover damages in excess of the sum of $200, and to dismiss the remaining causes of action against it (the fifth, sixth, and eighth causes of action) pursuant to CPLR 3211 (a) (7) for failure to state a cause of action. The Rubins then separately moved pursuant to CPLR 3211 (a) (7) to dismiss the amended complaint insofar as asserted against them (the first and second causes of action to recover damages for fraudulent concealment and breach of contract). In opposing the Rubinsâ motion, the plaintiff requested leave to re-plead her cause of action alleging fraudulent concealment. The Supreme Court granted the defendantsâ motions, and, in effect, denied the plaintiffs application for leave to replead. We now affirm.
Contrary to the plaintiffâs contention, the court properly granted those branches of the engineering companyâs motion which were for partial summary judgment dismissing the third, fourth, and seventh causes of action, alleging breach of contract, professional malpractice, and negligence, to the extent that they seek to recover damages in excess of the sum paid for the prepurchase inspection and report. Although those branches of the motion were technically premature because issue had not been joined (see CPLR 3212 [a]), the plaintiff was clearly on notice that the engineering company was seeking relief pursuant to CPLR 3212, and both the engineering company and the plaintiff submitted evidentiary proof and raised arguments which demonstrated that they were deliberately charting a summary judgment course (see McNamee Constr. Corp. v City of New Rochelle, 29 AD3d 544, 545 [2006]; Feitner v Town of Smithtown, 23 AD3d 431, 432 [2005]; Dunn v B&H Assoc., 295 AD2d 396, 397 [2002]). Turning to the merits, â[a] clear
The court also properly granted those branches of the engineering companyâs motion which were pursuant to CPLR 3211 (a) (7) to dismiss the fifth, sixth, and eighth causes of action asserted against it, alleging fraud, gross negligence, and a violation of General Business Law § 349, for failure to state a cause of action. On a motion to dismiss pursuant to CPLR 3211 (a) (7), the court must accept the facts as alleged in the complaint to be true, accord the plaintiff the benefit of every possible favorable inference, and determine only whether the facts as alleged fit within any cognizable legal theory (see Leon v Martinez, 84 NY2d 83, 87 [1994]; Dreifus v Heimeshe Bakery Corp., 49 AD3d 591 [2008]; Beja v Meadowbrook Ford, 48 AD3d 495 [2008]). Applying these principles here, the plaintiffâs conclusory assertion that the engineering company performed its inspection ârecklessly,â unsupported by any factual allegations of conduct evincing a reckless disregard for the rights of others or smacking of intentional wrongdoing, was insufficient to state a cause of action alleging gross negligence (see Colnaghi, U.S.A. v Jewelers Protection Servs., 81 NY2d 821, 823-824 [1993]; Sutton Park Dev. Corp. Trading Co. v Guerin & Guerin Agency, 297 AD2d 430, 431 [2002]). Furthermore, since the provision limiting the engineering companyâs liability was fully disclosed in its contract with the plaintiff, and neither that provision nor the termite inspection certification was misleading in a material way, the plaintiff failed to state a cause of action for violation of General Business Law § 349 (see Stutman v Chemical Bank, 95 NY2d 24, 29 [2000]; Lum v New Century Mtge. Corp., 19 AD3d 558 [2005]; Ludl Elecs. Prods, v Wells Fargo Fin. Leasing, 6 AD3d 397, 398 [2004]). Moreover, a cause of action sounding in fraud does not lie where, as here, the alleged fraud relates to a breach of contract (see Clement v Delaney
The plaintiff also failed to state causes of action against the Rubins to recover damages for fraudulent concealment and breach of contract. New York adheres to the doctrine of caveat emptor and imposes no liability on a seller for failing to disclose information concerning the condition of the premises when the parties deal at armâs length, unless there is some conduct on the part of the seller which would constitute active concealment (see Simone v Homecheck Real Estate Servs., Inc., 42 AD3d 518, 520 [2007]; Matos v Crimmins, 40 AD3d 1053 [2007]; Jablonski v Rapalje, 14 AD3d 484, 485 [2005]). âTo maintain a cause of action to recover damages for active concealment in the context of a fraudulent nondisclosure, the buyer must show, in effect, that the seller thwarted the buyerâs efforts to fulfill the buyerâs responsibilities fixed by the doctrine of caveat emptorâ (Simone v Homecheck Real Estate Servs., Inc., 42 AD3d at 520). In light of the particularity required in pleading a fraud cause of action (see CPLR 3016 [b]), the plaintiffâs conclusory allegation that the Rubins âconcealed and obstructedâ the alleged termite infestation and water damage from view, without any factual details as to the manner in which these conditions were concealed, was insufficient to state a cause of action (see Jae Heung Yoo v Se Kwang Kim, 289 AD2d 451 [2001]; London v Courduff, 141 AD2d 803 [1988]). Furthermore, the plaintiffâs cause of action to recover damages for breach of contract against the Rubins must fail since the contract expressly provided that the premises were being sold âas isâ (see Kasten v Golden, 50 AD3d 1098 [2008]; Rivietz v Wolohojian, 38 AD3d 301 [2007]), and because it is barred by the doctrine of merger (see Ka Foon Lo v Curis, 29 AD3d 525 [2006]; Fabozzi v Coppa, 5 AD3d 722 [2004]; Rothstein v Equity Ventures, 299 AD2d 472, 475 [2002]).
Finally, we reject the plaintiffs contention that her application for leave to replead her cause of action alleging fraudulent concealment against the Rubins should have been granted. Pursuant to former CPLR 3211 (e), which was in effect at the time of the application, the plaintiff was required to demonstrate the existence of a âgood groundâ to support a cause of action alleging fraudulent concealment. Since the plaintiff proffered no evidence to establish a âgood ground,â and made no argument as to why such good ground existed, the court providently exercised its discretion by, in effect, denying her application (see Vigiletti v Sears, Roebuck & Co., 42 AD3d 497 [2007]; Island Surgical Supply Co. v Allstate Ins. Co., 32 AD3d 824 [2006]; Andux v Woodbury Auto Park, Inc., 30 AD3d 362 [2006]). Mastro, J.P, Covello, Dickerson and Eng, JJ., concur.