Phillipsburg Housing Authority v. Zalayah Hunt
CourtNew Jersey Superior Court Appellate Division
Date FiledJuly 23, 2026
DocketA-2424-25
StatusPublished
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Full Opinion
NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE
APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION
SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
APPELLATE DIVISION
DOCKET NO. A-2424-25
PHILLIPSBURG HOUSING
AUTHORITY,
Plaintiff-Respondent, APPROVED FOR PUBLICATION
July 23, 2026
v. APPELLATE DIVISION
ZALAYAH HUNT,
Defendant-Appellant.
___________________________
Argued June 8, 2026 – Decided July 23, 2026
Before Judges Sumners, Susswein and Chase.
On appeal from the Superior Court of New Jersey,
Law Division, Warren County, Docket No.
LT-000666-25.
Zalayah Hunt, appellant, argued the cause on
appellant's behalf.
David Fiori, III argued the cause for respondent
(Florio, Perrucci, Steinhardt, Cappelli & Tipton, LLC,
attorneys; David Fiori, III, of counsel and on the
brief).
The opinion of the court was delivered by
SUSSWEIN, J.A.D.
This case raises novel questions under the New Jersey Anti-Eviction Act
(the Act), N.J.S.A. 2A:18-61.1 to -61.12, concerning the enforceability of a
settlement agreement that purports to place a tenant "on probation." By leave
granted on her emergent application, self-represented defendant Zalayah Hunt
appeals the March 19, 2026 1 Special Civil Part order enforcing a previously
issued judgment for possession to plaintiff Phillipsburg Housing Authority
(PHA) and a warrant for her removal from the apartment she shares with her
four-year-old daughter.
The dispute between PHA and Ms. Hunt has been simmering for several
years. It culminated in PHA's September 2025 dispossess action to address its
longstanding frustration with what it deemed to be her recurring
procrastination and lack of cooperation with its efforts to conduct annual and
interim reexaminations of her eligibility for federal housing assistance. In
November 2025, the parties executed a settlement that incorporated a
"probation agreement" (Probation Agreement). The legal efficacy and
enforceability of that agreement is at the heart of this appeal.
1
The order was initially issued on March 18 but the court sua sponte issued a
revised order on March 19 to correct the erroneous inclusion of inapposite text.
A-2424-25
2
Ms. Hunt has been a tenant with PHA since December 2021, and has
been on "zero-income" status2 since at least October 1, 2023. The federal
subsidy program requires annual recertification of a tenant's eligibility based
on income and other financial documentation. As part of that process, a public
housing authority is required under federal law to convene periodic interviews
during which a subsidized tenant provides information and supporting
documentation. The record shows that over the course of the five-and-a-half-
year-old tenancy, there have been a number of disputes between PHA and Ms.
Hunt regarding her obligation—under the lease and PHA rules—to meet in
person with PHA staff to provide information and documents. The dispossess
complaint alleges that in 2025, as in prior years, she failed to keep interview
appointments and provide certain documents PHA needed to confirm that she
was still eligible for zero-income assistance. That was the straw that broke the
camel's back, prompting PHA to file an eviction complaint in September 2025.
In November 2025, the parties agreed to a settlement that placed Ms.
Hunt "on probation" for a six-month term. The Probation Agreement provides
in pertinent part that during the probationary term, she must, as a condition of
2
The zero-income subsidy program is administered by the United States
Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) and provides financial
assistance to eligible low-income tenants. HUD provides federal aid to local
housing authorities, like PHA, which use those funds to manage the housing
for low-income tenants.
A-2424-25
3
probation, "attend all required [PHA] meetings" and "provide a reason" if she
needs to reschedule. The agreement further provides that "[i]f tenant fails to
comply with the above provisions," PHA "may file a certification of breach
with the court, on notice to the Tenant. The court may then enter a [j]udgment
for [p]ossession and a [w]arrant of [r]emoval may issue." The agreement
additionally states that "[n]o [j]udgment for possession shall enter in this
matter, unless and until the tenant fails to comply with the probationary terms
of this agreement," suggesting that failure to comply would be a basis upon
which the court might order her removal. The agreement makes no mention of
Ms. Hunt's alleged prior failures to attend meetings and provide required
documents, or whether those failures constitute good cause for eviction under
the Act.
A threshold question before us is whether and in what circumstances a
landlord and tenant can agree that noncompliance with the terms of a probation
agreement constitutes sufficient grounds and good cause to evict under the
Act. This question raises important policy considerations because a so -called
probation agreement can be beneficial to both parties; it serves a housing
authority's interests by inducing the tenant to henceforward comply with its
rules, while providing a tenant who otherwise might be subject to immediate
eviction a last chance to salvage the tenancy. We must address these policy
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considerations, however, without the benefit of explicit legislative instruction.
Other than a reference to criminal law probation not relevant here, 3 the text of
the Act makes no mention of "probation" or a "probationary term." Nor do any
published cases expressly address the validity and enforceability of a landlord-
tenant probation agreement.
PHA contends that Ms. Hunt breached the Probation Agreement through
what it characterizes as a pattern of noncompliance. The trial court agreed,
and on that basis entered a judgment for possession and warrant for removal,
as purportedly authorized by the agreement. After reviewing the record in
light of the governing legal principles, on these distinctive facts, we reverse
and vacate the judgment for possession and warrant of removal. We do so for
two independent reasons.
First, we emphasize that while a landlord and tenant are free to enter into
a settlement that imposes conditions regarding future conduct, as a matter of
law and public policy, any such probation agreement cannot authorize an
eviction unless that remedy is authorized by the Act. The Act contains two
features that are critical to our analysis. First, it provides that a landlord
cannot remove a residential tenant "except upon establishment of one of the
[statutorily enumerated] grounds as good cause." N.J.S.A. 2A:18-61.1.
3
See N.J.S.A. 2A:18-61.1 (n), (p).
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Second, and to underscore the importance of the good cause prerequisite, the
Act expressly precludes a landlord and tenant from agreeing to waive the good
cause standard, stating, "Any provision in a lease whereby [a covered tenant]
agrees that [their] tenancy may be terminated or not renewed for other than
good cause as defined in [the Act] . . . shall be deemed against public policy
and unenforceable." N.J.S.A. 2A:18-61.4.
We read these two provisions together as establishing an absolute rule
that precludes a court from entering a judgment for possession or issuing a
warrant for removal unless there has been a judicial finding of good cause
based on one of the enumerated grounds for eviction set forth in the Act. In a
contested case, that critical finding can be established in either of two ways:
the court may find grounds for eviction after a trial, or the tenant may admit to
the ground(s) for eviction and good cause as part of a consent judgment or
settlement agreement. See Pine Ridge Realty Assocs., LLC v. A.O., 483 N.J.
Super. 487, 493 (App. Div. 2026) (reaffirming that a judgment for possession
"may only be entered in three ways:" (1) "by default judgment, [R.] 6:6-
3[(b)];" (2) "by consent, [R.] 6:6-4;" or (3) "by the court after a trial, [R.] 6:6-
5"). Stated another way, while the good cause requirement is unalienable and
cannot be waived by agreement, the parties can agree that the good cause
threshold has been satisfied. At bottom, the Act guarantees that in a contested
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landlord-tenant case, at some point before a Sheriff comes knocking to execute
a court-issued warrant of removal, a neutral and detached judge must find by
competent evidence, or by accepting a voluntary admission by the tenant, that
the tenant committed the violation(s) alleged by the landlord and that those
violation(s) are eviction-worthy under the Act.
In this instance, there has been no such judicial finding or
acknowledgement by the tenant of good cause as to authorize an eviction. So
far as the record before us shows, 4 the trial court never found that Ms. Hunt's
violations were "substantial"—a required element of both statutory grounds for
eviction cited in PHA's eviction complaint. Indeed, PHA acknowledged at oral
argument that the issue of whether the alleged breaches were substantial for
purposes of the Act was not raised before the trial court.
As to the alternate means for establishing the lawful basis for eviction—
a voluntary admission by the tenant that good cause exists—it is clear that Ms.
Hunt never agreed or admitted that her conduct amounted to a substantial
violation of the lease or that there was good cause to evict by reason of any
such substantial violation. Notably, the parties' settlement agreement did not
include an affidavit by PHA "stat[ing] the facts establishing the jurisdictional
4
A hearing was held on March 18, but the hearing transcript is not in the
record on appeal because Ms. Hunt's request for the transcript at public
expense was denied. See R. 2:5-3(d)(3).
A-2424-25
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good cause for eviction" as required by Rules 6:6-4 and 6:6-3(b). Nor does it
include an admission by Ms. Hunt that good cause exists to justify her
eviction.
We hold as a matter of law that in the absence of either a judicial finding
or a tenant's voluntary admission that the alleged conduct constitutes a
violation that amounts to good cause to evict, a settlement agreement,
regardless of its label, cannot enlarge the list of authorized grounds for
eviction, excuse the need for the landlord to establish all of the material
elements of at least one such enumerated ground, shift the burden of proof
from the landlord to the tenant, delegate to the landlord the unilateral authority
to decide whether a breach of the settlement agreement occurred that warrants
the remedy of eviction, or otherwise weaken or displace the good cause and
substantial violation prerequisites set forth in the Act. The point simply is that
when, as in this case, the parties dispute the enforceability of a probation
agreement, a tenant's post-agreement noncompliance cannot support an
eviction unless the trial court finds, based on the totality of relevant
circumstances—i.e., the tenant's conduct before and/or after the agreement—
that the landlord has established a statutory ground for eviction and good
cause. That did not happen here.
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Our second reason for vacating the eviction is that even were we to
assume for the sake of argument that Ms. Hunt substantially violated her
obligations under the lease and/or Probation Agreement with respect to the
latest round of reexamination interview appointments and document requests,
she was denied an opportunity to cure the noncompliance prior to enforcement
of the judgment for possession and warrant of removal. As we explain, this is
not one of those situations recognized in the case law where a cure is
unavailing because it comes too late and the harm is done. While the
circumstances in this case are not directly addressed in any published
precedent cited to us, applying the spirit if not the letter of the limitations on
what a landlord and tenant can agree to, set forth in N.J.S.A. 2A:18-61.4, we
do not accept the notion that Ms. Hunt impliedly waived the opportunity
afforded under the Act to cure a violation just because she entered into the
Probation Agreement and a violation occurred thereafter. Here, the record
indicates that she was prepared to meet with PHA staff and provide the
documents it requested as of February 18, 2026—a month before the March
18, 2026 order to show cause hearing. But PHA declined to meet with her and
refused to accept her outstanding documents. Although we do not agree with
Ms. Hunt's contention that PHA acted in bad faith, we conclude that in these
distinctive circumstances, she should have been permitted to cure the violation.
A-2424-25
9
I.
Facts and Procedural History
We discern the following pertinent facts and procedural history from the
record.
The Lease and Applicable Policies
Ms. Hunt has been a "zero-income" tenant with PHA since at least
October 1, 2023, paying the minimum PHA rent of $50 per month. Her zero -
income housing is subsidized by HUD, and PHA administers the public
housing through its contractual relationship with HUD. See 42 U.S.C. §
1437a(b)(1).
Ms. Hunt's lease requires her to recertify her zero-income status each
year. Specifically, the lease provides that once a year, the tenant will "submit
a signed application for continued occupancy [and] furnish accurate
information to [PHA] as to family income, employment and composition, for
use by [PHA] in determining whether . . . [the] tenant is still eligible for low
rent housing."
The lease also requires Ms. Hunt to report "[a]ny increase or decrease in
family income" to PHA "immediately (within 10 days)." The lease provides:
If . . . the tenant has misrepresented to [PHA] the facts
upon which his rent is based or it is found that the
tenant has failed to report to [PHA] any specified
change in family circumstances which would warrant
A-2424-25
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a rental increase in accordance with [f]ederal rules and
regulations so that the rent he is paying is less than he
should have been charged . . . [PHA] may institute
dispossess proceeding[s] because of said
misrepresentation.
In the same section, the lease also incorporates by reference applicable
federal rules and regulations, 5 as well as PHA's "Admission and Continued
Occupancy Policy" (ACOP). The ACOP, in turn, contains requirements
governing both annual and interim reexaminations for tenants paying income -
based rent. Section 9-I.B of the ACOP ("Scheduling Annual Reexaminations")
provides, in relevant part:
Families generally are required to participate in
an annual reexamination interview.
....
If the family is unable to attend a scheduled
interview, the family should contact the PHA in
advance of the interview to schedule a new
appointment. In all circumstances, if a family does
not attend the scheduled interview the PHA will send
a second notification with a new interview
appointment time.
5
24 C.F.R. § 960.259(a)(2) states, "[t]he family must supply any information
requested by the PHA or HUD for use in a regularly scheduled reexamination
or an interim reexamination of family income and composition in accordance
with HUD requirements." 24 C.F.R. § 960.257 requires PHA to conduct an
annual income reexamination, as well as an interim reexamination if PHA
"becomes aware that the family's adjusted income . . . has changed by an
amount that [PHA] estimates will result in an increase of ten percent or more
in annual adjusted income."
A-2424-25
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If a family fails to attend two scheduled
interviews without PHA approval, the family will be
in violation of their lease and may be terminated in
accordance with the policies in Chapter 13.
A different section of the ACOP—Section 9-III.C ("Changes Affecting
Income or Expenses")—provides for interim reexaminations. Specifically, if a
family has reported zero income, "the PHA will conduct an interim
reexamination every three months as long as the family continues to report that
they have no income." ACOP also provides:
Generally, the family will not be required to attend an
interview for an interim reexamination. However, if
the PHA determines that an interview is warranted, the
family may be required to attend.
Pursuant to this provision, Ms. Hunt was required to attend a "zero-income
review appointment" every ninety days and to submit documentation
supporting her continued zero-income status.
Additionally, Section 13-III.C ("Other Authorized Reasons for
Termination") provides that the PHA
will terminate the lease for the following reasons.
....
Failure to furnish such information and
certifications regarding family composition and
income as may be necessary for the PHA to make
determinations with respect to rent, eligibility, and the
appropriateness of the dwelling unit size.
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Alleged Lease Violations
PHA asserts that throughout the course of her tenancy, Ms. Hunt has
repeatedly failed to report changes in income, provide required income
documentation, and attend scheduled reexamination meetings. PHA issued
various notices to cease and quit to her in 2022, 2024, and 2025 before filing
an eviction complaint in September 2025.
Sometime around November 2022, Ms. Hunt allegedly "failed to report
[her] employment at Ulta Salon Cosmetics Fragrance/Ulta Beauty," as required
under the lease. PHA issued a November 29, 2022 notice to cease and a
December 21, 2022 notice to quit. The record does not indicate how or
whether this issue was resolved. It is not disputed, however, that PHA
renewed the tenancy.
The record does not indicate there were any problems in 2023. Problems
relating to missed or rescheduled appointments resurfaced in 2024. According
to PHA's certifications submitted to the trial court, Ms. Hunt was scheduled for
an appointment on February 14, 2024, and after several rescheduled and
missed meetings, she eventually attended on March 25, 2024. She was
scheduled for another appointment on April 29, 2024, which was rescheduled
several times, missed once, and eventually occurred on May 9, 2024. On July
15, 2024, PHA issued a notice to cease, alleging that Ms. Hunt "failed to
A-2424-25
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appear on three different occasions for [her] [ninety]-day [z]ero [i]ncome
review appointment and provide copies of the required documents as requested
by July 10, 2024, with extensions given to July 11, 2024, and July 15, 2024."
PHA's certifications state that "this pattern of behavior has been continuous
throughout [Ms. Hunt]'s tenancy," but do not provide further specific
examples. However, once again, the record indicates that she remained a
tenant with PHA, and it is not disputed that PHA continued to receive subsidy
payments from HUD.
That brings us to 2025. In February and March 2025, Ms. Hunt
allegedly failed to provide several requested documents: (1) verification that
she "did not work at Ralph Lauren," which was allegedly requested by
February 10, 2025 and extended several times until April 1, 2025; (2) a
notarized statement describing a period in which she was not living in her unit
and the reason for her absence; and (3) two recent financial statements. PHA
issued a February 26, 2025 notice to cease, a March 11, 2025 notice to quit, a
March 18, 2025 notice to cease, an April 17, 2025 notice to quit, and a May 6,
2025 notice to quit.
Grievance Hearings, Eviction Action, and Settlement/Probation Agreement
Ms. Hunt challenged the May 6, 2025 notice to quit, and in accordance
with PHA policy, an informal grievance hearing was held on June 19, 2025.
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PHA's summary of that hearing stated: "[Ms. Hunt] stated no excuse for why
she did not provide [the requested documents] as required per PHA policy. A
lot of times it was because she was procrastinating, and it caused more
problems than she thought it would." PHA decided to uphold the notice to
quit.
Ms. Hunt then requested a formal grievance hearing, which was held on
July 16, 2025. PHA's summary of that hearing stated that she "continued to
provide no valid excuse" for not providing the requested documentation. The
summary also noted that Ms. Hunt "has claimed that she has not been able to
check her mail for notices because she has been in Newark helping her ill
aunt." Finally, the summary stated that as of the date of the hearing, she "has
failed to provide information required to fulfill her zero income certification
requirement (every 90 days)." PHA again decided to uphold the notice to quit,
and provided the following additional statement of reasons:
While the current [n]otice to [q]uit dated May 6, 2025,
reflects a limited scope, there is a four-and-a-half-year
history of failure to provide and/or report required
information in a timely manner. The amount of time it
takes the PHA to process changes for the account is
drastically longer than the average due to the number
of requests and [l]ease actions trying to gather the
information needed for the change.
On September 3, 2025, PHA filed an eviction complaint against Ms.
Hunt, citing two grounds for eviction specified in the Act, N.J.S.A. 2A:18 -
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61.1(d) (continued, substantial violation of landlord's rules and regulations)
and N.J.S.A. 2A:18-61-1(e) (continued, substantial violation of covenants or
agreements in the lease). A hearing was scheduled for November 14, 2025.
That day, PHA and Ms. Hunt, represented by counsel, entered into a settlement
agreement and the Probation Agreement attached to it which is at the crux of
this appeal. The settlement agreement provided:
No [j]udgment for [p]ossession is entered. The parties
understand that if the tenant breaches this agreement,
the landlord may file a certification of breach with the
court, on notice to the [t]enant. The court may then
enter a [j]udgment for [p]ossession and a [w]arrant of
[r]emoval may issue.
The settlement agreement further provided that it would remain in force
until tenant "satisfied the terms set forth" in the attached Probation Agreement.
The Probation Agreement provided, in relevant part:
Tenant shall be placed on probation with the
PHA for a period of six months from 11/14/2025 to
5/14/2026.
During this probationary period, [t]enant agrees
to comply with and attend all required meetings. In
the event tenant needs to reschedule any meetings
with the PHA required under tenant's lease, tenant
must 1) communicate the fact that she must reschedule
the appointment; 2) provide a reason for rescheduling,
and 3) when possible, provide documentation
supporting the reason given for the need to reschedule,
which tenant shall make a good faith effort to attain.
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If tenant fails to comply with the above
provisions, the PHA may take steps to allege there
was a breach of this agreement. Before filing any
court paperwork, the PHA shall provide tenant with
seven days['] notice of the alleged breach, in writing.
Upon the conclusion of the probationary period,
this agreement shall no longer be enforceable, and the
complaint shall be automatically dismissed on
5/31/2026.
No [j]udgment for possession shall enter in this
matter, unless and until the tenant fails to comply with
the probationary terms of this agreement.
While the settlement agreement—which used the model agreement
found in an appendix to the Court Rules 6—stated that a "Certification by
Landlord and the Certification of Landlord's Attorney (if the Landlord has an
attorney) are attached hereto," the record indicates that no such certifications
were attached to the agreement.
Alleged Breaches of Probation Agreement
PHA claims that Ms. Hunt breached the Probation Agreement five times,
by either failing to attend a required meeting or failing to provide a reason for
rescheduling a meeting. Ms. Hunt contends that each alleged breach was
either "manufactured" by PHA, de minimis, or not actually a breach based on
her substantive, good faith compliance with the Probation Agreement.
6
See Settlement Agreement (Tenant Remains), Pressler & Verniero, Current
N.J. Court Rules, Appendix XI-V (2026).
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Ms. Hunt's first alleged breach was her failure to contact PHA by
January 16, 2026, in order to schedule a meeting to provide her "Zero Income
Checklist & Worksheet." The parties agree that she did not schedule this
meeting by January 16, but dispute whether she had received a January 12
letter instructing her to schedule it. PHA contends that this letter was hand
delivered to her apartment on January 12, and it submitted to the trial court:
(1) a copy of the letter, (2) an affidavit from PHA employee Kashmir Beaton
in which Beaton states that he delivered "Housing Authority mail" to Ms. Hunt
on January 12 and (3) a copy of a completed PHA work order indicating that
Beaton "[d]elivered all mail" that day. In her appeal brief, Ms. Hunt maintains
that she was home all day on January 12, and the letter was never delivered.
On January 29, PHA sent Ms. Hunt a letter stating that she had failed to
contact PHA by January 16, and also failed to return a signed and dated lease
amendment that was due on January 19. The January 29 letter stated that if
she failed to arrange and attend a meeting within seven days, PHA would file a
certification of breach with the court. Ms. Hunt promptly contacted PHA and
scheduled an appointment for January 30, at 3:00 p.m.
In the second alleged breach, Ms. Hunt contacted PHA at 1:13 p.m. on
January 30 and asked to reschedule her 3:00 p.m. appointment to 4:00 p.m.
Both parties agree that she ultimately appeared for this meeting at 4:30 p.m.
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Before the January 30 meeting, Ms. Hunt emailed PHA and stated that
she would be in Newark beginning on February 2 and most likely would not be
back in Phillipsburg until February 16. At the January 30 meeting, however,
she signed a form indicating that she would call PHA on February 2 to
schedule an appointment for that same day. Then, immediately after the
meeting, Ms. Hunt stated she was "not able to confirm [February 2] as an
appointment." According to PHA, Ms. Hunt breached the Probation
Agreement because she "failed to provide a reason for rescheduling" her
presumptive February 2 appointment.
PHA then advised Ms. Hunt that she was required to schedule an
appointment for February 3, 4, or 5, and she replied that she could meet on
February 16, as indicated in her January 30 email. PHA contends that this
response was a "failure to comply with required meetings" in breach of the
Probation Agreement.
In response to her request for a February 16 meeting, PHA told Ms. Hunt
that it could not meet that day (Presidents' Day) and informed her that her
meeting would be February 17, at 8:30 a.m., ostensibly without confirming
that this day and time was acceptable to her. Ms. Hunt failed to appear at this
time, although she emailed and called PHA several times that day to try to
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schedule a time to meet and complete her zero-income form. PHA contends
her failure to appear at 8:30 a.m. was a breach of the Probation Agreement.
Certification of Breach, Order to Show Cause, and this Appeal
On February 18, 2026, PHA notified Ms. Hunt that it intended to certify
her breach with the court and seek a judgment for possession. On February 27,
PHA sent a letter and certification of breach to the court, requesting entry of a
judgment for possession and warrant of removal. The court granted a
judgment for possession on February 27, and a warrant of removal on March 3.
On March 6, before the warrant of removal was executed, Ms. Hunt filed an
application for an order to show cause. PHA filed opposition on March 9, and
Ms. Hunt replied on March 10. On March 11, the court granted Ms. Hunt's
application for an order to show cause and scheduled a return hearing for
March 18. A hearing was held on March 18, but the hearing transcript is not in
the record on appeal because Ms. Hunt's request for the transcript at public
expense was denied. See R. 2:5-3(d)(3).7
7
The Court Rules restrict the provision of transcripts at public expense to
criminal or quasi-criminal appeals, Division of Child Protection and
Permanency termination of parental rights cases, Title 9 abuse and neglect
cases, certain adoptions, and involuntary civil commitments. R. 2:5-3(d)(3).
Indigent appellants facing potential eviction do not qualify.
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At the conclusion of the March 18 hearing, the court entered an order
denying Ms. Hunt's application for an order to show cause and ordering
enforcement of the judgment for possession and warrant of removal on March
30 at 9:00 a.m., "unless [Ms. Hunt] is able to post the entire amount of rent
arrears due," in which case "[she] may stay the eviction." On March 19, the
court entered an amended order that omitted the inapposite provision allowing
her to stay the eviction by paying her rent arrears. 8
On March 20, we granted permission for Ms. Hunt to file an emergent
motion for leave to appeal, seeking an interim stay of the warrant of removal.
She filed her motion on March 24 and PHA filed opposition on March 26. On
March 30, we granted Ms. Hunt's motion for leave to appeal, specifically
directing the parties to address the following question: "Is the breach of a
'probationary' settlement agreement a lawful basis for eviction under the Anti -
Eviction Act, N.J.S.A. 2A:18-61.1, where the tenant purports to have cured the
lease violations originally giving rise to the eviction action under N.J.S.A.
2A:18-61.1(d)?"
8
The record indicates that there are no rent arrearages in this case.
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II.
Parties' Arguments
Because the parties raise numerous arguments and counterarguments in
their appellate submissions, we reproduce verbatim the point headings from
their respective briefs.
Ms. Hunt raises the following contentions for our consideration in her
initial appeal brief:
POINT I
THE TRIAL COURT LACKED JURISDICTION TO
ENTER JUDGMENT BECAUSE [PHA] WAIVED
THE ALLEGED BREACH BY RETAINING
MARCH RENT FOR EIGHTEEN DAYS.
POINT II
THE TRIAL COURT VIOLATED APPELLANT'S
DUE PROCESS RIGHTS BY ISSUING AN
AMENDED ORDER SUA SPONTE WITHOUT
NOTICE OR HEARING.
POINT III
THE TRIAL COURT ERRED BY ADOPTING
[PHA]'S SELECTIVE ENFORCEMENT OF
ADMINISTRATIVE POLICIES AND
OVERLOOKING DOCUMENTED ACTS OF
ADMINISTRATIVE SABOTAGE.
POINT IV
THE TRIAL COURT COMMITTED REVERSIBLE
ERROR BY FAILING TO SCRUTINIZE [PHA]'S
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ADMITTED OBSTRUCTION OF APPELLANT'S
RIGHT TO CURE.
POINT V
THE TRIAL COURT'S RELIANCE ON "PUBLIC
POLICY" TO UPHOLD A SETTLEMENT
AGREEMENT REACHED THROUGH BAD-FAITH
CONDUCT IS MISPLACED.
POINT VI
THE TRIAL COURT COMMITTED REVERSIBLE
ERROR REGARDING STATUTORY
PROTECTIONS.
POINT VII
THE JUDGMENT FOR POSSESSION
CONSTITUTES A MANIFEST MISCARRIAGE OF
JUSTICE, CAUSING IRREPARABLE HARM TO A
VULNERABLE MINOR.
PHA responds:
POINT I
THE QUESTION POSED BY THE HONORABLE
RONALD SUSSWEIN, J.A.D.
A. Appellant's Attempts to Comply After-The-
Fact Were Not a Cure of the Underlying Lease
Violations.
B. Appellant Was Required to Cure a Pattern of
Non-Compliance and Failed.
C. Repeated Non-Compliance with Substantial
Terms of a Landlord's Rules and Regulations Is
a Lawful Basis for Eviction Under the Anti-
Eviction Act.
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POINT II
APPELLANT'S EVICTION IS PROPER UNDER
THE ENFORCEABLE PROBATION AGREEMENT
AND THE ANTI-EVICTION ACT.
A. The Probationary Agreement Is a Binding
Agreement.
B. Appellant Agreed to the Entry of a Judgment
for Possession if She Breached the Agreement.
C. Enforcement of the Settlement Agreement is
Supported by the Anti-Eviction Act.
D. The Trial Court Rejected Appellant's
Purported Cure.
E. The Trial Court was Not Required to Validate
Appellant's Purported Cure.
POINT III
THE TRIAL COURT DID NOT LACK
JURISDICTION UNDER THE DOCTRINE OF
WAIVER.
POINT IV
THE TRIAL COURT DID NOT VIOLATE ANY OF
APPELLANT'S RIGHTS BY AMENDING ITS
MARCH 18 ORDER.
POINT V
THE TRIAL COURT PROPERLY SCRUTINIZED
BOTH PARTIES' ACTIONS.
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POINT VI
WHAT THE TRIAL COURT RELIED UPON IS NOT
PRESENTLY UNDER REVIEW.
POINT VII
APPELLANT'S CONTENTIONS REGARDING
"STATUTORY PROTECTIONS" ARE NOT UNDER
REVIEW.
POINT VIII
THE INSTANT EVICTION IS NOT FOR
"BUREAUCRATIC CONVENIENCE" IT IS TO
ENFORCE COMPLIANCE WITH FEDERAL
MANDATES.
Ms. Hunt asserts the following additional contentions in her reply brief:
POINT I
[PHA]'S RELIANCE ON MAYO9 IS A FRAUD
UPON THE RECORD AS THE PHA
INTENTIONALLY OBSTRUCTED APPELLANT'S
ATTEMPTS TO CURE PRIOR TO THE
CERTIFICATION OF BREACH.
POINT II
THE DOCTRINE OF WAIVER APPLIES
REGARDLESS OF THE LANDLORD'S INTENT;
THE EIGHTEEN-DAY RETENTION OF MARCH
RENT STRIPPED THE TRIAL COURT OF
JURISDICTION.
9
Housing and Redevelopment Authority of the Township of Franklin v.
Mayo, 390 N.J. Super. 425 (App. Div. 2007).
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POINT III
THE STATUTORY RIGHT TO CURE UNDER
N.J.S.A. 2A:18-61.1(d) IS ABSOLUTE AND
CANNOT BE CONTRACTED AWAY BY A
PROBATIONARY AGREEMENT.
III.
General Principles
We begin our analysis by acknowledging certain basic legal principles
that govern this appeal. As a general proposition, we apply a deferential
standard in reviewing a trial court's factual findings in a bench trial. Balducci
v. Cige, 240 N.J. 574, 595 (2020); State v. McNeil-Thomas, 238 N.J. 256, 271
(2019). In an appeal from a non-jury trial, appellate courts "give deference to
the trial court that heard the witnesses, sifted the competing evidence, and
made reasoned conclusions." Griepenburg v. Twp. of Ocean, 220 N.J. 239,
254 (2015). Accordingly, reviewing courts "do not disturb the factual findings
and legal conclusions of the trial judge unless [the reviewing courts] are
convinced that they are so manifestly unsupported by or inconsistent with the
competent, relevant and reasonably credible evidence as to offend the interests
of justice." Seidman v. Clifton Sav. Bank, S.L.A., 205 N.J. 150, 169 (2011)
(quoting In re Tr. Created By Agreement Dated Dec. 20, 1961, ex rel. Johnson,
194 N.J. 276, 284 (2008)) (internal quotation marks omitted). Of course, the
deference we accord to a trial court's findings in a bench trial presupposes the
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court made factual findings t