Sherika C. v. Department of Children Family Services
CourtAppellate Court of Illinois
Date FiledNovember 12, 2026
Docket1-25-0599
StatusUnpublished
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Full Opinion
2026 IL App (1st) 250599-U
No. 1-25-0599
Order filed November 12, 2026
NOTICE: This order was filed under Illinois Supreme Court Rule 23(b) and is not
precedential except in the limited circumstances allowed under Rule 23(e)(1).
IN THE
APPELLATE COURT OF ILLINOIS
FIRST DISTRICT
THIRD DIVISION
SHERIKA C., Plaintiff-Appellant,
v.
THE DEPARTMENT OF CHILDREN AND FAMILY SERVICES and HEIDI MUELLER, in
Her Official Capacity as Director of Children and Family Services, Defendants-Appellees.
Appeal from the Circuit Court of Cook County.
Honorable Joel Chupack, Judge, Presiding.
No. 24 CH 7238
JUSTICE LAMPKIN delivered the judgment of the court.
Presiding Justice Quish and Justice Rochford concurred in the judgment.
ORDER
¶1 Held: The decision of the director of the Department of Children and Family Services
denying the mother’s request for expungement of the indicated finding against her
of child abuse was neither against the manifest weight of the evidence nor clearly
erroneous.
¶2 Defendant, the Department of Children and Family Services (DCFS), investigated a report
that plaintiff Sherika C. (the mother) sent her minor child to school with mace spray. DCFS made
an indicated finding against the mother for allegation of harm No. 10, substantial risk of physical
injury.
¶3 The mother requested and received an administrative hearing on her request to expunge the
indicated finding. Thereafter, defendant Heidi Mueller, Director of Children and Family Services
(Director), adopted the findings and conclusions of the administrative law judge (ALJ) and denied
the mother’s request to expunge the indicated finding.
¶4 The mother filed a complaint for administrative review, and the circuit court affirmed the
Director’s decision.
¶5 On appeal, the mother argues the Director’s decision to deny the mother’s request to
expunge the indicated finding was against the manifest weight of the evidence and clearly
erroneous. The mother also argues she was denied due process because she did not receive
sufficient notice of DCFS’s investigation.
¶6 We affirm the circuit court’s judgment, which affirmed the Director’s decision to deny the
mother’s request to expunge the indicated finding against her. 1
¶7 I. BACKGROUND
¶8 In March 2023, the mother’s eight-year-old child, A.C., brought mace spray to school.
School personnel spoke to A.C. about the mace spray and confiscated it. School personnel made a
call to DCFS’s hotline, notifying it of this incident and that A.C. had anger issues and an
individualized education plan for a related learning disability. DCFS conducted an investigation
and notified the mother in writing in April 2023 that the report of abuse was indicated for allegation
of harm No. 10 of Appendix B of DCFS’s regulations, i.e., substantial risk of physical injury. The
mother appealed the indicated finding to DCFS’s administrative hearings unit, and a telephonic
administrative hearing was held in May 2024. At that hearing, the mother proceeded pro se and
In adherence with the requirements of Illinois Supreme Court Rule 352(a) (eff. July 1, 2018), this appeal has
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been resolved without oral argument upon entry of a separate written order.
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three witnesses—Samantha Miggins, Sheila Barlow, and Nathalie Castro—testified for DCFS. The
mother, however, declined to testify. The witnesses’ testimony established the following facts.
¶9 On the day of the incident, Samantha Miggins, one of A.C.’s teachers, was notified by a
school paraprofessional that another student had reported that A.C. “had something that was bad
for students.” When the paraprofessional asked A.C. if he had something, he “pulled out his pencil
case,” which contained the mace spray. He told the paraprofessional that “his mom gave the
canister to him to protect himself.” The paraprofessional took the mace spray to Miggins, and
Miggins took A.C. and the mace spray to the principal’s office. According to Miggins, A.C. had
anger issues and had previously “slapped a girl, hit other students, and used profanity,” and
Miggins was worried A.C. might use the mace to spray a student who had angered him.
¶ 10 Sheila Barlow, the school’s principal, also spoke to A.C. that day. He told her “that his
mother gave the Mace to him because two students were bothering him.” A.C. demonstrated to
Barlow how to use the mace spray. Barlow did not speak to the mother on the day of the incident
or the day after because the mother did not come to the school. Barlow did not want to discuss the
incident by phone because, in the past, the mother would record their calls. When Barlow
eventually spoke with the mother and A.C. at the school, A.C. said he got the mace spray from
“outside or somewhere else.” The mother agreed with this version of A.C.’s story.
¶ 11 Following the DCFS hotline call, this incident was referred for investigation to Nathalie
Castro, a child protection investigator. A.C. told Castro he brought the mace spray to school and
his mother gave it to him for protection because another student was bothering him and another
student at school. Castro also spoke with the mother about the incident, and the mother “did not
deny or confirm the situation.” However, the mother apologized to Castro and stated that she
understood her son had anger issues. Castro found that the mother was cooperative and her home
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seemed safe and appropriate. Castro also spoke with Barlow, who told her that A.C. demonstrated
to Barlow how to use the mace spray. Following this investigation, DCFS determined the report
of child abuse against the mother was indicated for allegation of harm No. 10, substantial risk of
physical injury, because she taught A.C. how to use the mace spray, A.C. had anger issues, and
A.C. said he would use the mace spray on multiple students.
¶ 12 In June 2024, the ALJ issued a recommendation that included findings of fact and
conclusions of law, determining that DCFS had proved the indicated finding by a preponderance
of the evidence. Thereafter, the Director issued the final administrative decision adopting the ALJ’s
findings and conclusions and denying the mother’s request for expungement of the indicated
finding. The mother, proceeding pro se, filed a complaint in the circuit court, seeking judicial
review of the Director’s final administrative decision. Specifically, the mother sought reversal of
the Director’s denial of the mother’s administrative appeal and an order directing the Director to
expunge the indicated finding.
¶ 13 The circuit court affirmed the Director’s decision not to expunge the indicated finding
against the mother, and the mother appealed to this court.
¶ 14 II. ANALYSIS
¶ 15 DCFS administers the Abused and Neglected Child Reporting Act (Act) (325 ILCS 5/1 et
seq. (West 2024)), and has promulgated corresponding administrative regulations (89 Ill. Admin.
Code 300 et seq. (1987)). The Act requires DCFS to maintain a central register of reported cases
of suspected child abuse or neglect. 325 ILCS 5/7.7 (West 2024).
¶ 16 After investigating a report of child abuse or neglect, DCFS must classify it as “indicated,”
“unfounded,” or “undetermined,” and report that information to the central register. Id. §§ 7.12,
7.14; 89 Ill. Admin. Code 300.110 (1998). A report of child abuse or neglect is “indicated” when
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“an investigation determines that credible evidence of the alleged abuse or neglect exists.” 325
ILCS 5/3 (West 2024); see 89 Ill. Admin. Code 300.20 (2018), 300.110(i) (1998). Credible
evidence “means that the available facts, when viewed in light of surrounding circumstances,
would cause a reasonable person to believe that a child was abused or neglected.” 89 Ill. Admin.
Code 300.20 (2018).
¶ 17 DCFS’s regulations include specific categories of allegations of child abuse and neglect
including, as relevant here, allegation of harm No. 10, substantial risk of physical injury (abuse).
89 Ill. Admin. Code 300.Appendix B (2017). If an individual receives an indicated finding of child
abuse or neglect, their name is placed on the central register for a specified time. 325 ILCS 5/7.7,
7.12, 7.14, 11, 11.1 (West 2024); 89 Ill. Admin. Code 300.20 (2018). The central register is
accessible only to certain persons under circumstances specified by the Act, including when the
indicated individual seeks certain types of sensitive employment. 325 ILCS 5/11, 11.1 (West 2024).
¶ 18 The subject of an indicated finding of abuse or neglect may appeal that finding with DCFS
to determine whether the finding should be amended or expunged from the central register, and
may request an administrative hearing before an ALJ. Id. §§ 7.15, 7.16, 7.18. At the hearing, DCFS
has the burden to establish, by a preponderance of the evidence, that the indicated report should
not be amended or removed. Id. §7.16; 89 Ill. Admin. Code 336.115(c)(2) (2017). A preponderance
of the evidence “means the greater weight of the evidence which renders a fact more likely than
not.” 89 Ill. Admin. Code 336.20 (2017). Based on the evidence presented at the hearing, the ALJ
makes a recommendation to the Director, who may accept, reject, amend, or return it for further
proceedings. 325 ILCS 5/7.16 (West 2024); 89 Ill. Admin. Code 336.220(a)(1), (a)(2) (2017). The
Director’s decision, not the ALJ’s recommendation, is the final administrative decision, and the
subject who receives an adverse decision from the Director may seek judicial review in the circuit
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court under the Administrative Review Law (735 ILCS 5/3-101 et seq. (West 2024)). 325 ILCS
5/7.16, 11.6 (West 2024); 89 Ill. Admin. Code 336.20, 336.220(a) (2017).
¶ 19 When a party appeals the circuit court’s decision on a complaint for administrative review
from a final decision by the Director, this court reviews the decision of the Director, not the circuit
court. Plowman v. Department of Children & Family Services, 2017 IL App (1st) 160860, ¶ 15.
¶ 20 A. Manifest Weight
¶ 21 On appeal, the mother first argues the Director’s decision not to expunge the mother’s
indicated finding under allegation of harm No. 10 was not supported by the evidence because she
was never directly asked if she gave A.C. the mace spray.
¶ 22 The Director’s determination as to how A.C. obtained the mace spray is a finding of fact.
The Director’s findings of fact are “prima facie true and correct” and will not be disturbed unless
they are against the manifest weight of the evidence—i.e., unless the opposite conclusion is
“clearly evident.” 735 ILCS 5/3-110 (West 2024); Lyon v. Department of Children & Family
Services, 209 Ill. 2d 264, 271 (2004). This court does not reweigh the evidence or make credibility
determinations on administrative review because it is “the province of the administrative agency
to determine the credibility of witnesses and resolve conflicts in the evidence.” Plowman, 2017 IL
App (1st) 160860, ¶ 24. “If the record contains evidence to support the agency’s decision, it should
be affirmed.” Abrahamson v. Illinois Department of Professional Regulation, 153 Ill. 2d 76, 88
(1992).
¶ 23 Allegation of harm No. 10, substantial risk of physical injury (abuse), requires that a parent
“has created a real and significant danger of physical injury.” 89 Ill. Admin. Code 300Appendix B
(2017). This allegation applies “when the type or extent of harm is undefined” but the
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circumstances would cause a “reasonable person to believe that the child is in substantial risk of
physical injury.” Id.
¶ 24 In issuing the decision that the mother’s indication under allegation of harm No. 10 should
not be expunged, the Director reviewed the evidence and adopted the ALJ’s findings of fact. The
ALJ found that A.C. “brought Mace pepper spray to school, and he told school personnel that his
mother gave it to him to take to school to protect himself.” While at school, A.C. also
“demonstrated how Mace is used.” And though the mother stated A.C. “found the Mace outside,”
that assertion “[wa]s found to be not credible or reliable.”
¶ 25 These findings were based on the evidence presented at the hearing. Specifically, Miggins
testified A.C. told her his mother gave him the mace spray for his protection. Barlow testified A.C.
told her his mother gave him the mace spray to protect himself because two students were
“bothering” him. Barlow also testified A.C. showed her how to use the mace spray. And Castro
testified A.C. told her that his mother gave him the mace spray to take to school to protect himself
and he “was going to” use the mace spray on other students. Castro also testified the mother “did
not deny or confirm the situation” but did apologize and acknowledge “that her son had anger
issues.”
¶ 26 Given the consistency across the witnesses’ testimonies, the ALJ’s determination that the
mother gave A.C. the mace spray was not against the manifest weight of the evidence. In particular,
the ALJ explained that if A.C. had found the mace spray outside or somewhere else, it would have
been “highly unlikely that he would have known how to use it and no evidence was presented as
to why [he] would have said that his mother gave it to him and told him to use it to protect himself
if this were not true.”
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¶ 27 The ALJ was not required to credit the mother’s statement that A.C. found the mace spray
outside, especially when Barlow stated A.C. changed his story at a later date to say “he got the
Mace from ‘outside or somewhere else’ ” when the mother was present. The ALJ was entitled to
credit Barlow’s testimony that she believed A.C.’s original statement that he received the mace
spray from the mother because he knew how to use it.
¶ 28 On review, this court does not reweigh the evidence, judge the credibility of witness
testimony anew, or substitute its judgment for that of the agency. Abrahamson, 153 Ill. 2d at 88;
see MIFAB, Inc. v. Illinois Human Rights Comm’n, 2020 IL App (1st) 181098, ¶ 58 (“The mere
fact that a conclusion opposite to the one reached by the agency is reasonable or that the reviewing
court might have ruled differently will not justify the reversal of the administrative findings.”).
Here, the absence of a statement by the mother that she gave the mace spray to A.C. is not
substantial evidence supporting a conclusion opposite to the Director’s.
¶ 29 We conclude the factual determination that the mother gave A.C. the mace spray was not
against the weight of the evidence.
¶ 30 B. Clearly Erroneous
¶ 31 The mother next argues the Director erred by denying the mother’s request to expunge the
indicated finding because A.C.’s possession of the mace spray did not create a substantial risk of
physical injury sufficient to support an indicated finding under allegation of harm No. 10.
Specifically, the mother argues A.C.’s possession of mace spray did not constitute abuse based on
the statutory definition of “Abused child” in section 3 of the Act (325 ILCS 5/3 (West 2024))
because the spray was small and non-lethal.
¶ 32 The question of whether a particular situation, such as possession of mace spray, meets the
Act’s criteria for an indicated finding under an allegation of harm is a mixed question of law and
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fact because it requires the Director to apply the relevant statutory and regulatory definitions to the
facts of the case. See Walk v. Illinois Department of Children & Family Services, 399 Ill. App. 3d
1174, 1187 (2010). Where the Director’s decision involves a mixed question of law and fact, the
standard of review is “clearly erroneous.” AFM Messenger Service, Inc. v. Department of
Employment Security, 198 Ill. 2d 380, 392-93 (2001). A “mixed question” is one in which the
applicable law is undisputed, and the issue is whether the facts satisfy the legal standard. Id. at
391. Under the clearly erroneous standard of review, a court will uphold the Director’s
determination unless, upon reviewing the entire record, the court is left with a definite and firm
conviction that a mistake was committed. Slater v. Department of Children & Family Services,
2011 IL App (1st) 102914, ¶ 33. The standard incorporates the “wisdom of judicial deference” to
DCFS’s expertise and experience. AFM Messenger, 198 Ill. 2d at 394.
¶ 33 As explained above, DCFS’s indication system implements the Act. Section 300.Appendix
B of Title 89 “describes the specific incidents of harm which must be alleged to have been caused
by the acts or omissions of the persons identified in Section 3 of the [Act].” Plowman, 2017 IL
App (1st) 160860, ¶ 17; see Slater, 2011 IL App (1st) 102914, ¶ 25 (regulations promulgated under
the Act “defin[e] problematic conduct”). Thus, in determining whether the conduct in this case
constitutes abuse, we consider not only the general statutory definitions of the Act but also the
specific allegation of harm under which the mother was indicated. See Ventus Holdings, LLC v.
Raddle, 2025 IL App (1st) 241169, ¶ 13 (administrative rules and regulations “have the force and
effect of law”).
¶ 34 The language of the Act and allegation of harm No. 10 are similar. The Act’s definition of
an abused child includes a category for those who “[create] a substantial risk of physical injury to
[a] child by other than accidental means which would be likely to cause death, disfigurement,
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impairment of physical or emotional health, or loss or impairment of any bodily function.” 325
ILCS 5/3 (West 2024). Allegation of harm No. 10 requires that a parent “has created a real and
significant danger of physical injury.” 89 Ill. Admin. Code 300Appendix B (2017). Giving a child
mace spray fulfills both definitions. As the ALJ explained, A.C. brought the mace spray to school,
told school personnel that his mother gave it to him to take to school to protect himself, and
demonstrated how to use the mace spray. And mace spray has “disabling” effects that cause
“injury.” People v. Elliott, 299 Ill. App. 3d 766, 773 (1998) (detailing the incapacitating effects of
the spray); see People v. Lampton, 385 Ill. App. 3d 507, 515 (2008) (concluding that pepper spray
is a “dangerous weapon”). Regardless of the definition used, the mother created a substantial risk
and significant danger of physical injury by deliberately providing mace spray to A.C.
¶ 35 Contrary to the mother’s argument on appeal, there is no requirement that the risk of harm
be the risk of lethal harm. Instead, section 3 of the Act provides that the indicated individual “has
created a real and significant danger of physical injury.” 325 ILCS 5/3 (West 2024). The guidelines
concerning allegation of harm No. 10 provide that the indication is appropriate in situations “when
the type or extent of harm is undefined but the total circumstances lead a reasonable person to
believe that the child is at substantial risk of physical injury.” 89 Ill. Admin. Code 300Appendix B
(2017).
¶ 36 The mother cites section 24-1 of the Criminal Code of 2012 (Criminal Code) (720 ILCS
5/24-1 (West 2024)), which regulates the unlawful possession of weapons, to support her argument
that mace spray is not a weapon under the law. This argument lacks merit. The issue of whether
mace spray is considered a weapon under section 24-1 of the Criminal Code is irrelevant because
allegation of harm No. 10 does not require the possession of a weapon as that term is defined in
section 24-1. Nevertheless, section 24-1’s proscriptions include “any object containing noxious
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liquid gas or substance, other than an object containing a non-lethal noxious liquid gas or substance
designed solely for personal defense carried by a person 18 years of age or older.” Id. § 24-1(c).
Given that A.C. was under 18 years old, his carrying of the mace spray would trigger the unlawful
possession of weapons statute and provides further evidence that the mace spray created a
substantial risk of physical injury.
¶ 37 We conclude the Director’s decision that A.C.’s possession of mace spray satisfied the
relevant statutory and regulatory prerequisites for an indicated finding under allegation of harm
No. 10, substantial risk of physical injury, was not clearly erroneous.
¶ 38 C. Due Process
¶ 39 For the first time on appeal, the mother raises the following six arguments. First, she argues
she was not provided proper notice of the charges against her. Second, she argues the school failed
to inform her that it was notifying DCFS of the mace spray incident and did not obtain her consent
to do so. Third, she argues DCFS’s investigation report included the child protection investigator’s
interviews and investigation notes without the mother’s consent or acknowledgment. Fourth, she
argues the indicated finding was not supported by evidence and, thus, violated fourteenth
amendment due process protections and the requirements of section 7.16 of the Act (325 ILCS
5/7.16 (West 2024)). Fifth, she argues the school contacting DCFS before informing her about the
mace spray incident violated her rights under section 300.110 of Title 89 (89 Ill. Admin. Code
300.110 (1998)) and section 1232 of the Family Education Rights and Privacy Act of 1974
(FERPA) (20 U.S.C. § 1232 (2024)). And sixth, she cites Santosky v. Kramer, 455 U.S. 745 (1982),
to support her argument that her fundamental liberty interest in the care and custody of her child
was violated.
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¶ 40 The mother, however, has forfeited these arguments because she failed to raise them during
the administrative proceedings. “[I]ssues or defenses not presented to the administrative agency
will not be considered for the first time on administrative review.” Cinkus v. Stickney Municipal
Officers Election Board, 228 Ill. 2d 200, 214 (2008). And this prohibition applies even if the
mother is making a due process argument. See id.; Perez v. Illinois Concealed Carry Licensing
Review Board, 2016 IL App (1st) 152807, ¶ 28 (due process challenge not raised before agency is
forfeited).
¶ 41 Forfeiture is particularly appropriate where, as here, the failure to raise an issue before the
agency would prevent another party from curing any error or otherwise addressing the problem.
Carpetland U.S.A., Inc. v. Illinois Department of Employment Security, 201 Ill. 2d 351, 397 (2002).
If the mother had raised these issues during the administrative proceedings, DCFS would have had
the opportunity to provide documentation regarding what notice was provided to the mother and
when. Because review under the Administrative Review Law is limited to the record that was
before the administrative agency, raising constitutional issues at the administrative level is
“indispensable” to creating a record on which to adjudicate the issue. See Arvia v. Madigan, 209
Ill. 2d 520, 528 (2004). The mother’s failure to raise these issues during the administrative
proceeding prevented the creation of such a record here.
¶ 42 Further, many of the mother’s issues were doubly forfeited because they were not raised
before the circuit court. In the circuit court, the mother made three claims: the ALJ’s findings of
fact were against the manifest weight of evidence; the Director’s decision was erroneous as a
matter of law; and the “indicated finding is being maintained in violation of the due process rights
of the Plaintiff.” Although the mother raised a generic due process argument in the circuit court,
she did not raise a due process claim related to parental consent, FERPA, or constitutional parental
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rights as she does now on appeal. “[A]n issue not raised in the trial court is forfeited on appeal.”
People v. Cruz, 2013 IL 113399, ¶ 20.
¶ 43 Forfeiture aside, the mother’s arguments regarding DCFS’s process lack merit because she
has failed to show that DCFS acted improperly or in a manner that prejudiced her. “An
administrative hearing comports with due process where the parties are given the opportunity to
be heard, the right to cross-examine adverse witnesses and an impartial ruling based on the
evidence.” Gonzalez v. Pollution Control Board, 2011 IL App (1st) 093021, ¶ 42. And “[a] court
will find a due process violation only if there is a showing of prejudice.” Id. The mother was
offered the opportunity to testify under oath at the administrative hearing and declined to do so.
She also cross-examined adverse witnesses and had the opportunity to raise any objections to the
investigation notes at the administrative hearing. Further, as discussed above, the Director’s
decision comported with the available evidence. Thus, the mother’s due process rights were not
violated and she was not prejudiced by the processes she received.
¶ 44 The mother also argues the investigation took place without her consent and notes were
taken without her consent, in violation of due process. But neither the statutes nor the
administrative code requires parental consent to investigate that parent for child abuse. See 89 Ill.
Admin. Code § 300.110 (1998) (requiring only that a parent in a child abuse investigation be
notified after the initial investigation is complete and not requiring consent). Indeed, a requirement
for parental consent would defeat the purpose of protecting children from caregiver abuse. See
Croft v. Westmoreland County Children & Youth Services, 103 F.3d 1123, 1125 (3d Cir. 1997)
(constitutionally protected parental rights do “not include a right to remain free from child abuse
investigations”). DCFS therefore complied with the governing statute and regulations, and the
mother provides no basis for concluding that, in doing so, DCFS violated due process.
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¶ 45 Further, the mother argues the indicated finding violated 14th amendment due process
protections and the requirements of section 7.16 of the Act because the finding was not supported
by evidence. This argument also fails because, as discussed above, the Director appropriately
determined that A.C.’s possession of the mace spray met the standard of a substantial risk of
physical injury. And there is no basis for the mother to make a due process challenge under section
7.16, which sets time frames for an appeal of the Director’s decision. Section 7.16 requires that an
appeal be made within 60 days of notification of the completion of the investigation, a “hearing
shall be held within a reasonable time after the perpetrator’s request,” and “[t]he decision shall be
made, in writing, at the close of the hearing, or within 60 days thereof.” 325 ILCS 5/7.16 (West
2024). The mother makes no claim that any of these requirements were not followed.
¶ 46 In addition to generally claiming due process violations, the mother asserts her rights were
violated under section 300.110 of Title 89 and section 1232 of FERPA because the school did not
inform her about the incident “before contacting investigators.” But section 300.110 of Title 89
requires that the legal custodian and alleged perpetrator be informed of the report to DCFS and
related information “as soon as investigative staff make a determination following the initial
investigation that there is reasonable cause to believe that child abuse or neglect exists.” 89 Ill.
Admin. Code § 300.110 (1998). The mother was not entitled to notification before investigators
were contacted. The mother, in fact, received notice of the investigation when Castro spoke to her
and A.C., which occurred before any determination was made, and so the mother received notice
earlier than required by statute.
¶ 47 Section 1232 of FERPA is a federal statute that does not pertain to parental notice of DCFS
investigations or child abuse investigations more broadly. The statute instead requires that “parents
*** are notified of [judicial] orders or subpoenas in advance of *** compliance” by certain
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educational institutions, with an exception for “a parent [who] is a party to a court proceeding
involving child abuse and neglect.” 20 U.S.C. § 1232g(b)(2)(B) (2024). No such order or subpoena
existed when the school notified DCFS, and if such order or subpoena had existed, the mother
would have fallen within the statutory exception.
¶ 48 The mother also refers to Santosky v. Kramer, 455 U.S. 745 (1982), for the proposition that
“parents have a fundamental liberty interest in the care and custody of their children.” The mother
does not explain how her fundamental liberty interest was violated, nor can she make a colorable
argument under Santosky. Santosky concerned the process afforded to parents in proceedings for
the termination of parental rights. Id. at 753. In other contexts, the Court has acknowledged that
“the state has a wide range of power for limiting parental freedom and authority in things affecting
the child’s welfare.” Prince v. Massachusetts, 321 U.S. 158, 167 (1944). The indicated finding
here plainly falls within the state’s wide ambit for protecting child welfare. The mother was not
deprived of any right to parent her child. She was merely placed on a central register after creating
a substantial risk of harm. Lyon, 209 Ill. 2d at 278 (“the central register is one mechanism the state
uses” in “protecting the welfare of children”). Any claim for violation of parental rights thus fails.
¶ 49 Finally, in July 2025, the mother moved this court to expunge and remove the indicated
finding from all Cook County or associated agency records. She argues the indicated finding is
unfounded; A.C. did not use or threaten to use the mace spray against anyone; she did not
encourage or allow A.C. to bring or use the mace spray in any unsafe manner; and no threat, harm
or neglect resulted from this situation. This court ruled that the mother’s motion is taken with the
case.
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¶ 50 As discussed above, the Director’s decision to deny the mother’s request to expunge the
indicated finding was neither against the manifest weight of the evidence nor clearly erroneous.
Accordingly, we dismiss the mother’s motion as moot.
¶ 51 III. CONCLUSION
¶ 52 For the reasons stated, we affirm the judgment of the circuit court, which affirmed the
Director’s decision to deny the mother’s request to expunge the indicated finding against her.
¶ 53 Affirmed.
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