Full Opinion (html_with_citations)

                In the Missouri Court of Appeals
                        Eastern District
                                      DIVISION THREE

DARRYL L. WILLIAMS,                          )       No. ED110298
                                             )
       Respondent,                           )
                                             )
               v.                            )       Appeal from the Circuit Court
                                             )       of St. Louis County
CITY OF KINLOCH,                             )       Cause No. 19SL-CC02824
                                             )
               and                           )
                                             )
THE BOARD OF ALDERMEN OF                     )       Honorable Nancy Watkins McLaughlin
THE CITY OF KINLOCH,                         )
                                             )
       Appellants.                           )       Filed: December 13, 2022

                                          Introduction

       Appellants City of Kinloch and the Board of Aldermen of the City of Kinloch (collectively,

Kinloch) impeached and removed Respondent Darryl L. Williams from the office of Mayor.

Williams filed a petition for judicial review in the Circuit Court of St. Louis County. The circuit

court entered judgment reversing Kinloch’s decision to impeach and remove Williams. In four

points on appeal, including that Williams untimely filed his petition for judicial review, Kinloch

urges us to reverse the circuit court’s judgment. We reverse the circuit court’s judgment and

remand with instructions to dismiss Williams’s petition.
                                     Factual and Procedural Background

           On March 11, 2019, Williams filed his Declaration of Intent to Be a Write-In Candidate

for the Office of Mayor for the City of Kinloch with the St. Louis County Election Board (County

Election Board). Along with the Declaration, Williams signed a Missouri Department of Revenue

Form 5120, or a Candidate’s Affidavit of Tax Payments and Bonding Requirements. Pursuant to

Section 115.306.2(2), 1 by signing and submitting the form, Williams “declare[d] under penalties

of perjury that [he was] not currently aware of any delinquency in the filing or payment of any . .

. personal property taxes . . ., as stated on [his] declaration of candidacy.”

           The same day, the County Election Board notified the City of Kinloch’s City Clerk and

Election Official (Clerk) of Williams’s Declaration. On March 24, 2019, the Clerk informed the

County Election Board that Williams was ineligible for candidacy under Sections 115.306 and

561.021 and City of Kinloch Ordinances 2122 and 20159. The Clerk alleged Williams owed

personal property taxes for tax years 2015, 2016, 2017, and 2018 and, therefore, perjured himself

when he knowingly signed the Affidavit of Tax Payments and Bonding Requirements to the

contrary.

           The County Election Board took no action regarding Williams’s eligibility, and Williams

was elected Kinloch’s mayor on April 2, 2019. On April 16, 2019, Kinloch informed Williams he

was suspended pursuant to the authority vested in the Board of Aldermen by Section 79.240,

pending investigation by the Board. Three days later, Kinloch served Williams with three articles

of impeachment based on his failure to pay taxes, his affidavit that he paid taxes, and an

outstanding traffic warrant. Kinloch informed Williams his impeachment hearing was scheduled

for May 17, 2019.



1
    All statutory references are to the Revised Statutes of Missouri (Cum. Supp. 2019) unless otherwise indicated.

                                                            2
         Prior to the impeachment hearing, Williams, through counsel, filed a verified petition in

the Circuit Court of St. Louis County against Kinloch for injunctive relief from his suspension and

a declaratory judgment that his suspension was void.

         On May 17, 2019, the Board of Aldermen held Williams’s impeachment hearing. Williams

appeared pro se. He offered no evidence, made no objections, and cross-examined no witnesses.

The Board unanimously found Williams guilty on all three articles of impeachment. On May 24,

2019, Kinloch issued its findings of fact and conclusions of law.

         On the same day, new counsel for Williams entered his appearance in Williams’s

declaratory judgment action and voluntarily dismissed the petition. In a later deposition, Williams

testified that he retained new counsel to look into the impeachment situation, explain the

impeachment, represent him on the impeachment, and, if it went further, to continue to represent

him and be his attorney regarding the impeachment hearing. Williams responded affirmatively

when asked if he wanted this counsel “to handle the entire matter, meaning you wanted him to

help you with the impeachment matters as well; do I understand that correctly?” Williams testified

that counsel continued to represent him after May 24, 2019 and denied that he fired counsel at any

time.

         Also on May 24, 2019, Williams’s counsel and Kinloch’s counsel discussed the Board’s

findings of fact and conclusions of law. Four days later, on May 28, 2019, Kinloch sent the Board’s

findings of fact and conclusions of law to the business email address of Williams’s counsel,

reminding him of their prior discussion regarding the Board’s decision. This email address was

the same email address used in counsel’s correspondence with the circuit court. 2 The email from



2
 Rule 55.03(a) requires attorneys to include (if applicable) their electronic mail address below the signature line on
every pleading, motion, and other filing. See also Rule 43.01(c). All rule references are to the Missouri Supreme
Court Rules (2022) unless otherwise indicated.

                                                          3
Kinloch to Williams’s counsel stated: “Please find attached, as discussed briefly in the Court

hearing this past May 24th, the Findings Of Fact and Conclusions of Law as it pertains to your

client Mr[.] Darryl L. Williams[.]” The email was not returned as undeliverable, nor was there any

other indication that Williams’s counsel did not receive notice of the Board’s decision.

         Williams filed a petition in the Circuit Court of St. Louis County for judicial review of his

impeachment and removal on July 15, 2019, 48 days after Kinloch sent notice of the Board’s

decision to Williams’s counsel on May 28, 2019. In the petition, Williams nonetheless averred the

petition was timely filed within the 30-day filing period in Section 536.110 because: the Board’s

findings of fact and conclusions of law were never served on him; only after a telephone inquiry,

the Board emailed the findings of fact and conclusions of law to Williams’s counsel on or about

June 18, 2019; and on or about June 21, 2019 Williams’s counsel received a copy of the findings

of fact and conclusions of law, along with exhibits and a partial transcript, via U.S. Mail. With his

petition, Williams filed an incomplete transcript of the proceedings before the Board. 3

         On August 14, 2019, Kinloch filed a motion to dismiss Williams’s petition for lack of

subject matter jurisdiction because Williams failed to timely file the petition. Attached to

Kinloch’s motion was a copy of the email disclosing the Board’s findings of fact and conclusions

of law to Williams’s counsel on May 28, 2019. Williams did not respond to Kinloch’s motion.

Kinloch later renewed its motion to dismiss the petition for lack of subject matter jurisdiction. The

circuit court denied Kinloch’s motion to dismiss the petition.

         Kinloch also moved for summary judgment pursuant to Rule 74.04. In its attached

statement of uncontroverted material facts, Kinloch stated: counsel represented Williams on May


3
  “The record to be filed in the reviewing court shall be filed by the plaintiff” and shall consist of a “complete
transcript of the entire record, proceedings and evidence before the agency.” See
Mo. Rev. Stat. §§ 536.130.1
,
536.130.4. The circuit court ultimately required Kinloch to file the entire transcript. See
id.
 § 536.130.4 (“The court
may require or permit subsequent corrections of or additions to the record.”).

                                                           4
24, 2019; on that date, Kinloch informed Williams’s counsel that it would send notice via email

of the Board’s decision to impeach Williams; Kinloch sent such notice to the business email

address of Williams’s counsel on May 28, 2019; counsel continued representing Williams without

interruption after May 24, 2019; and Williams untimely filed his petition for judicial review of the

Board’s decision on July 15, 2019. Kinloch supported its statement of uncontroverted material

facts with citations to Williams’s deposition, the May 28, 2019 email from Kinloch to Williams’s

counsel, and other exhibits. There is no indication in the record that Williams responded to

Kinloch’s motion for summary judgment as required by Rule 74.04(c)(2). 4 Despite Williams’s

apparent failure to respond, the circuit court denied Kinloch’s motion for summary judgment.

         After a brief hearing at which the parties stipulated to the contents of the record, the circuit

court entered findings of fact, conclusions of law, and judgment reversing the Board’s

impeachment and removal of Williams.

         Kinloch appeals. Williams has not filed a brief or otherwise responded on appeal. 5

                                                     Discussion

         In its four points on appeal, Kinloch argues the circuit court lacked jurisdiction because

Williams untimely filed his petition for judicial review, Williams failed to file the transcript of the

impeachment proceedings, the circuit court erred in failing to deem admitted Kinloch’s statement

of uncontroverted material facts, and the circuit court erred in concluding Williams’s impeachment

and removal were not supported by competent and substantial evidence.




4
  The failure to respond to a motion for summary judgment is an admission of the attached statement of
uncontroverted material facts. See Rule 74.04(c)(2); Green v. Fotoohighiam,
606 S.W.3d 113
, 117 (Mo. banc 2020).
5
  “While precedent dictates that there is no penalty prescribed for a respondent’s failure to file a brief, that failure
deprives this Court of the benefits of the adversarial process.” State v. Stewart,
640 S.W.3d 174
, 178 n.3 (Mo. App.
E.D. 2022).

                                                           5
       Kinloch’s first point is dispositive. Williams failed to file his petition for judicial review

within the 30-day filing period in Section 536.110, and the circuit court lacked authority to

consider the petition. We need not address the merits of Kinloch’s other three points on appeal.

                                  Standard of Review – De Novo

       Ordinarily, the denial of a motion to dismiss is not considered a final judgment and

therefore is not appealable. State ex rel. Hawley v. Robinson,
577 S.W.3d 823
, 829 n.5 (Mo. App.

E.D. 2019) (citing In re O.J.B.,
436 S.W.3d 726, 728
 (Mo. App. W.D. 2014)). That said, the denial

of a motion to dismiss can be considered on appeal from a final judgment. Robinson,
577 S.W.3d at 829
 n.5.

       When a circuit court grants a motion to dismiss, we review de novo. Giudicy v. Mercy

Hosps. E. Communities,
645 S.W.3d 492
, 496 (Mo. banc 2022). But when the court denies a

motion to dismiss, our standard of review depends upon the grounds for dismissal raised in the

motion. See Forbes v. Allison,
646 S.W.3d 733
, 738 n.5 (Mo. App. S.D. 2022) (“[W]here the

basis for the dismissal is based on a question of law, appellate courts have applied de novo

review.”). Here, we apply de novo review because Kinloch’s motion was grounded in a question

of law: whether the circuit court lacked jurisdiction or authority to review Williams’s petition.

Karrenbrock Constr., Inc. v. Saab Auto Sales & Leasing, Inc.,
540 S.W.3d 899, 901
 (Mo. App.

E.D. 2018).

                          The 30-Day Filing Period in Section 536.110

       Chapter 536 of the Revised Statutes of Missouri governs Administrative Procedure and

Review. Section 536.090 of that chapter requires, “Immediately upon deciding any contested case

the agency shall give written notice of its decision by delivering or mailing such notice to each

party, or his attorney of record, and shall upon request furnish him with a copy of the decision,



                                                 6
order, and findings of fact and conclusions of law.” 6 In turn, Section 536.110 sets forth the process

and time limits for judicial review of administrative agency decisions. State Bd. of Registration for

Healing Arts v. Draper,
280 S.W.3d 134, 136
 (Mo. App. E.D. 2009). Subsection 1 of that section

provides, “Proceedings for review may be instituted by filing a petition in the circuit court of the

county of proper venue within thirty days after the mailing or delivery of the notice of the agency’s

final decision.”
Mo. Rev. Stat. § 536.110.1
. Thus, petitions for judicial review are due to be filed

within 30 days of the mailing or delivery of notice of the agency’s decision. Draper,
280 S.W.3d at 136
.

          A party’s failure to file a petition for review within 30 days is fatal to that party’s pursuit

of judicial review. Poplar Bluff Internet, Inc. v. City of Poplar Bluff,
427 S.W.3d 343, 355
 (Mo.

App. S.D. 2014); see also, e.g., Pelloquin v. Dir. of Revenue,
894 S.W.2d 235, 236
 (Mo. App. E.D.

1995) (holding circuit court was without subject matter jurisdiction because driver filed petition

for judicial review one day late). When a petition for review is filed out of time, the circuit court

has no authority to hear the petition. Draper,
280 S.W.3d at 136
. 7 When the circuit court lacks

authority, the court may not take any action other than to exercise its inherent power to dismiss the

petition. Id.; see also Smith v. City of St. Louis,
573 S.W.3d 705, 716
 (Mo. App. E.D. 2019).

          Thus, if Williams in fact filed his petition for judicial review more than 30 days after

Kinloch’s mailing or delivery of notice of the Board’s decision to impeach and remove him, then

the circuit court lacked authority to consider the petition and erred in failing to dismiss it. We




6
  Kinloch’s Board of Aldermen is an “agency” for the purpose of Chapter 536. See
Mo. Rev. Stat. § 536.010
(2); see
also PMS 4583 LLC v. City of New Melle,
639 S.W.3d 10
, 17-18 (Mo. App. E.D. 2021).
7
  “Prior judicial opinions have often characterized the circuit court’s inability to consider an out-of-time petition as a
lack of subject matter jurisdiction. In reality, the circuit court does not lack subject matter jurisdiction over the
petition, but lacks the authority to review the petition as a result of statutory limitations imposed by the legislature.”
Draper,
280 S.W.3d at 136
 n.2 (citing J.C.W. ex rel Webb v. Wyciskalla,
275 S.W.3d 249
 (Mo. banc 2009)).

                                                            7
therefore consider the timing of Kinloch’s notice to Williams and whether Kinloch’s email

constituted “mailing or delivery” of that notice under Section 536.110.1.

                            The Timing of Kinloch’s Notice to Williams

       The uncontroverted fact is that Kinloch sent notice of the Board’s decision via email to

Williams’s counsel on May 28, 2019. There is no evidence to the contrary. See Smith,
573 S.W.3d at 715
 (“[T]here was no evidence that Counsel never received the notice of dismissal.”).

       This Court’s decision in Smith is particularly instructive. There, the circuit court

dismissed the petition for judicial review of a decision of the Civil Service Commission as

untimely under Section 536.110.1. Smith,
573 S.W.3d at 708
. The Commission mailed its

decision to the petitioner’s counsel on April 26, 2016, but counsel did not file a petition for

judicial review until well after the 30-day filing period.
Id. at 708-09
. The respondent, the City of

St. Louis, moved to dismiss the petition for lack of jurisdiction, arguing the petition was not filed

within 30 days of the “mailing or delivery” of notice of the Commission’s decision under Section

536.110.1. The City attached the Commission’s decision indicating it was mailed to counsel’s

address on April 26, 2016, and an affidavit stating as much. Smith,
573 S.W.3d at 709
. The

petitioner did not file a response. At the hearing on the motion, the petitioner’s counsel asserted

he did not receive the notice and that his office had moved. He offered no evidence, and the City

pointed out that counsel continued to use the same address in his filings.
Id.
 The petitioner

maintained that the City did not mail its actual decision until much later but did not challenge the

City’s evidence that it mailed notice of the decision on April 26, 2016.
Id.
 The circuit court

dismissed the petition as untimely.
Id. at 710
.

       This Court observed the allegations in the petition and argument by counsel were not

evidence.
Id. at 715
. There was no evidence of counsel’s change of address or that the notice was



                                                  8
returned as undeliverable. Rather, counsel continued to use the same address after the notice was

mailed.
Id. at 716
. Accordingly, we affirmed the circuit court’s dismissal of the petition for

judicial review as untimely under Section 536.110.1. Smith,
573 S.W.3d at 716
.

       Here, Williams alleged in his petition that the petition was timely filed, the Board’s

findings of fact and conclusions of law were never served on Williams, and his counsel did not

receive the findings of fact and conclusions of law until they were emailed to him on or about

June 18, 2019. But, as in Smith, the allegations in Williams’s petition are not evidence. See
id. at 715
. Even if they were, the fact that Williams personally was never served is immaterial, as

Section 536.090 allows for notice to a party or his attorney of record, and notice to counsel is

imputed to the client. See, e.g., Cedar Park Dev., LLC v. Powers,
611 S.W.3d 555
, 562 (Mo.

App. S.D. 2020) (“Knowledge acquired by Lough’s attorney about her case, regardless of

whether acquired by email correspondence from opposing counsel or an eNotice from the

statewide court automation system, is imputed to Lough.”).

       Equally immaterial is the date on which Williams’s counsel received the findings of fact

and conclusions of law. Section 536.110.1 requires the filing of a petition within 30 days after

the mailing or delivery of notice of the decision, not of the findings of fact and conclusions of

law themselves. See Smith,
573 S.W.3d at 709
; see also Moesch v. Moniteau Cnty. R-1 Sch. Dist.

Bd. of Educ.,
257 S.W.3d 661, 664
 (Mo. App. W.D. 2008) (distinguishing Section 168.118(7)’s

“written copy of the decision” from Section 536.110.1’s “notice”). Regardless, the undisputed

fact is that notice of the decision, and the findings of fact and conclusions of law, were sent via

email to Williams’s counsel on May 28, 2019.

       Also as in Smith, Williams never alleged, let alone presented any evidence, that the Board’s

notice to Williams’s counsel was returned as undeliverable.
573 S.W.3d at 716
. (“Nor is there any



                                                  9
evidence the Notice of Dismissal was returned by the post office as undeliverable.”). Indeed,

Williams’s counsel consistently listed on Williams’s pleadings the same email address to which

Kinloch sent the notice of the Board’s decision. See
id.
 (“We also note that Counsel continued to

use this address in filings before the court well after the Notice of Dismissal was mailed.”).

        For these reasons, the record is clear that the notice of the Board’s decision required by

Section 536.090 was sent via email to Williams’s counsel on May 28, 2019. The only remaining

issue, then, is the legal question of whether that email constituted the requisite “mailing or

delivery” of notice of the Board’s decision to start the 30-day filing period in Section 536.110.1.

       Kinloch’s Email Was the “Mailing or Delivery” of Notice of the Board’s Decision.

        Neither party directs us to a statutory definition of the terms “mailing or delivery” as they

appear in Section 536.110.1. Absent a statutory definition, we turn to basic rules of statutory

interpretation. See DMK Holdings, LLC v. City of Ballwin,
646 S.W.3d 708
, 712 (Mo. App. E.D.

2022). Our primary rule of statutory interpretation is to give effect to legislative intent as reflected

in the plain language of the statute. Am. Fed’n of State, Cnty. & Mun. Employees, AFL-CIO,

Council 61 v. State,
653 S.W.3d 111
, 120 (Mo. banc 2022). “Words and phrases shall be taken in

their plain or ordinary and usual sense, but technical words and phrases having a peculiar and

appropriate meaning in law shall be understood according to their technical import.”
Mo. Rev. Stat. § 1.090
; see also State v. Bales,
630 S.W.3d 754
, 760 n.5 (Mo. banc 2021).

        Generally, our Supreme Court consults a standard English language dictionary when

determining the ordinary meaning of a word. Bales, 630 S.W.3d at 760 n.5; see also Tinnin v. Mo.

Dep’t of Transp. & Patrol Employees’ Ret. Sys.,
647 S.W.3d 26
, 36 (Mo. App. W.D. 2022) (“. . .

with preferences shown to Webster’s Third New International Dictionary”); AAA Laundry & Linen

Supply Co. v. Dir. of Revenue,
425 S.W.3d 126, 132
 (Mo. banc 2014) (calling Webster’s Third



                                                  10
“the institutional dictionary of choice”). But definitions of “technical words and phrases having a

peculiar and appropriate meaning in law,”
Mo. Rev. Stat. § 1.090
, may be derived from Black’s

Law Dictionary. See Bales, 630 S.W.3d at 760 n.5.

         The primary definition of “mailing” in Webster’s Third is, syllogistically enough, “the act

of sending by mail.” Mailing, Webster’s Third New Int’l Dictionary Unabridged 1362 (3d ed.

2002). In turn, “mail” is “the bags of letters and the other postal matter conveyed under public

authority from one post office to another,” and redundantly, “a conveyance that transports mail.”

Mail, id. at 1361.

         Webster’s Third more helpfully defines “delivery,” in pertinent part, as “the act of putting

property into the legal possession of another . . . whether involving the actual transfer of the

physical control of the object from one to the other or being constructively effected in various

other ways (as by the handing over of something symbolical of the thing sought to be delivered);”

“utterance esp. of words;” and “the act of communicating : STATEMENT, NARRATION, ACCOUNT.”

Delivery, id. at 597. These standard definitions of “delivery” are sufficiently broad to include

email.

         That said, the standard definitions are so broad as to suggest that Section 536.110.1

employs the terms “mailing or delivery” in a technical, legal sense. Tellingly, among the legal

definitions of “mail” in Black’s Law Dictionary is “[o]ne or more written or oral messages sent

electronically (e.g., through e-mail or voicemail).” MAIL, Black’s Law Dictionary (11th ed. 2019).

Black’s defines “delivery” as the “formal act of voluntarily transferring something; esp., the act of

bringing goods, letters, etc. to a particular person or place.” DELIVERY, id. Thus, Black’s

definition of “mail” explicitly embraces email, while its definition of “delivery,” like the standard




                                                 11
definitions in Webster’s Third, is broad enough to include email. And, of course, Section 536.110.1

refers to “mailing or delivery” in the disjunctive, meaning either will do.

        In addition to dictionary definitions, context may inform the meaning of these statutory

terms. See Gross v Parson,
624 S.W.3d 877
, 885 (Mo. banc 2021) (citing State ex rel. Anheuser-

Busch, LLC v. Moriarty,
589 S.W.3d 567
, 570 (Mo. banc 2019)). If we were to look to other

statutes in pari materia, see Gross, 624 S.W.3d at 885, we would observe that their notice

requirements are strictly delineated. See, e.g.,
Mo. Rev. Stat. § 67.820.1
 (“certified mail with return

receipt”);
id.
 § 140.405.2 (“both first class mail and certified mail return receipt requested”); id.

§143.241.9 (“first class mail, postage prepaid, certified with return receipt requested”); id. §§

408.040.3(1), 452.377.2 (“certified mail return receipt requested”). By contrast, Section 536.110.1

does not specify notice via anything approaching “certified mail return receipt requested” or “first

class mail, postage prepaid.” Instead, it provides more generically for notice by “mailing or

delivery,” which, as we have said, are inclusive of email.

        Finally, Rule 43.01, which addresses service of written notice in civil proceedings in the

circuit courts, offers guidance. 8 Rule 43.01(c) provides that service may be made upon attorneys

of represented parties by “electronic mail” to the “electronic addresses” that attorneys are required

to include in the signature blocks of their pleadings. Rule 43.01(d) elaborates that service by

electronic mail generally is complete upon transmission. See generally R.B. Indus., Inc. v.

Goldberg,
601 S.W.2d 5, 7
 (Mo. banc 1980) (“We believe that where service of an agency’s final

decision is by mailing it (Rule 100.04(a); § 536.110.1), service is complete upon the mailing (Rule




8
 We clarify that Rule 43.01 offers only some guidance by analogy and that the rules of civil procedure generally do
not apply to administrative proceedings. See Harter v. Mo. Pub. Serv. Comm’n,
361 S.W.3d 52, 56
 (Mo. App. W.D.
2011).

                                                        12
43.01(c)); and that proceedings for review may not be instituted by filing a petition in the circuit

court 33 days after the date of mailing.”).

       For these reasons, we conclude that the terms “mailing or delivery” in Section 536.110.1

include email. Therefore, Kinloch’s May 28, 2019 email to Williams’s counsel was the mailing or

delivery of notice of the Board’s decision, which implicated the 30-day filing period in Section

536.110.1. Accordingly, Williams’s petition for judicial review of his impeachment and removal

filed on July 15, 2019, 48 days after Kinloch’s email of May 28, 2019, was untimely, and the

circuit court erred in not dismissing the petition.

       Kinloch’s first point is granted. Because this first point is dispositive, we do not address

the considerable merits of Kinloch’s other points on appeal. See State ex rel. Swoboda v. Mo.

Comm’n on Human Rights,
651 S.W.3d 800
, 804 n.7 (Mo. banc 2022); see also Smith,
573 S.W.3d at 716
 (“Because the trial court did not have statutory authority to review the merits of the

Commission’s decision, we likewise cannot review the Commission’s decision.”).

                                              Conclusion

       Pursuant to Rule 84.14, we reverse the judgment of the circuit court and remand with

instructions to dismiss Williams’s petition for judicial review.




                                                       Cristian M. Stevens, J.

Gary M. Gaertner, Jr., P.J., and
John P. Torbitzky, J., concur.




                                                  13