Full Opinion (html_with_citations)

                     IN THE SUPREME COURT OF MISSISSIPPI

                                  NO. 2022-BR-00205-SCT

MICHAEL MARTIN LOUVIER

v.

THE MISSISSIPPI BAR

ATTORNEY FOR PETITIONER:                      JOHN DENVER FIKE
ATTORNEYS FOR RESPONDENT:                     ADAM BRADLEY KILGORE
                                              MELISSA SELMAN SCOTT
NATURE OF THE CASE:                           CIVIL - BAR MATTERS
DISPOSITION:                                  REINSTATEMENT GRANTED EFFECTIVE
                                              NINETY DAYS FROM THE ISSUANCE OF
                                              THE COURT’S MANDATE - 12/08/2022
MOTION FOR REHEARING FILED:

       EN BANC.

       GRIFFIS, JUSTICE, FOR THE COURT:

¶1.    Michael M. Louvier filed a petition for reinstatement to the practice of law following

a three-year suspension. The Mississippi Bar opposed Louvier’s request and argued that he

had not satisfied his burden of proof of both moral and professional rehabilitation required

of a suspended attorney. This Court recognizes the Bar’s concern but finds that Louvier has

met the requirements to be reinstated the practice of law in the state of Mississippi.

                                             FACTS

¶2.    Based on two informal complaints, the Bar found that Louvier had converted certain

client funds for his use, had failed to provide the client a full accounting, had failed to protect

the client’s interests by not surrendering papers and property to which the client was entitled,

had failed to disclose facts necessary to correct misapprehensions known by him, and had
engaged in conduct prejudicial to the administration of justice.

¶3.    After an investigation, the Complaint Tribunal found nine violations of Rules 1.15(a),

1.15(b), 1.16(d), 8.1(a), 8.4(a), and 8.4(d) of the Mississippi Rules of Professional Conduct,

which resulted in Louvier’s suspension. In two separate orders, the Complaint Tribunal

suspended Louvier from the practice of law for three years. Under the orders, Louvier was

suspended from the practice of law through December 31, 2018.

¶4.    On March 7, 2022, Louvier filed a petition for reinstatement pursuant to Rule 12 of

the Rules of Discipline for the Mississippi State Bar. The petition included letters of support

written by members in good standing with the Bar. The Bar also took Louvier’s deposition.

On May 9, 2022, Louvier filed a supplement to his petition for reinstatement that included

additional letters of support. Louvier’s petition has received significant support from

members of the Bar.

¶5.    On June 7, 2022, the Bar received new information about Louvier’s employment as

a process server. According to this information, Louvier served as a process server during

his suspension, and Louvier inserted his Bar number on the Supoena-Return of Service form

that was returned to and filed with the court. In the space indicated for the process server’s

social security number, Louvier inserted his “MS Bar” number. The Bar considered this

new information and determined that it “potentially constitutes both the unauthorized practice

of law and violation of the suspension orders that prohibit him from holding himself out as

a lawyer.”

¶6.    The Bar notified Louvier of this new information. Louvier responded with a second



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supplement to his petition for reinstatement. The Bar then filed its response to Louvier’s

petition for reinstatement with this Court on July 5, 2022. The Bar argued that, after

applying the requirements set forth by Procedure 12.7 of the Rules of Discipline for the

Mississippi State Bar, Louvier had not satisfied his burden of proof of both moral and

professional rehabilitation required of a suspended attorney. Thus, the Bar opposed

Louvier’s reinstatement to the practice of law in Mississippi.

                               STANDARD OF REVIEW

¶7.    The suspended attorney seeking reinstatement bears the burden of proof that they have

rehabilitated themselves and have reestablished the requisite moral character sufficient for

reinstatement. Burgin v. Miss. Bar,
453 So. 2d 689, 691
 (Miss. 1984). This Court “has

exclusive and inherent jurisdiction of matters pertaining to attorney discipline [and]

reinstatement[.]” In re Morrison,
819 So. 2d 1181, 1183
 (Miss. 2001) (quoting In re Smith,
758 So. 2d 396, 397
 (Miss. 1999)). We review the evidence in disciplinary matters “de novo,

on a case-by-case basis sitting as triers of fact.” In re Smith,
758 So. 2d at 397
 (quoting In

re Pace,
699 So. 2d 593, 595
 (Miss. 1997)).

                                       DISCUSSION

¶8.    The question here is whether Louvier satisfied the jurisdictional requirements to be

reinstated to the practice of law in Mississippi. Rule 12 of the Rules of Discipline for the

Mississippi State Bar governs the reinstatement of suspended attorneys, and it provides:

       (a)    No person disbarred or suspended for a period of six months or longer
              shall be reinstated to the privilege of practicing law except upon
              petition to the Court;



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       (b)    Reinstatement to the practice of law following any other discipline shall
              be only upon proof of compliance with any such sanctions[.]

¶9.    Under Rule 12, to determine whether to grant reinstatement, “[t]he Court’s

fundamental inquiry is whether [the attorney] has rehabilitated himself in conduct and

character since the suspension was imposed.” In re Steele,
722 So. 2d 662, 664
 (Miss. 1998)

(second alteration in original) (internal quotation marks omitted) (quoting In re Mathes,
653 So. 2d 928, 929
 (Miss. 1995)). The petitioner must demonstrate this rehabilitation by

complying with Rule 12’s five jurisdictional requirements, as follows:

       (1) state the cause or causes for suspension or disbarment; (2) give the name
       and current address of all persons, parties, firms, or legal entities who suffered
       a pecuniary loss due to the improper conduct; (3) make full amends and
       restitution; (4) show that he has the necessary moral character for the practice
       of law; and (5) demonstrate the requisite legal education to be reinstated to the
       privilege of practicing law.

In re Benson,
890 So. 2d 888, 890
 (Miss. 2004).

¶10.   While not a jurisdictional requirement, “[t]his Court considers the Bar’s position as

to reinstatement as a factor in determining whether to” reinstate a suspended attorney. In re

Holleman,
826 So. 2d 1243, 1248
 (Miss. 2002).

       1.     Cause for Suspension

¶11.   Louvier was suspended from the practice of law for three years in two separate

matters. First, in Cause No. 2013-B-584, Louvier was found to have violated Rules 1.15(a)

(failed to hold the property of clients and third parties separate from the lawyer’s property

and failed to maintain complete records of trust account funds for seven years after

termination of the representation), 8.4(a) (violated or attempted to violate the rules of



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professional conduct), and 8.4(d) (engaged in conduct detrimental to the administration of

justice). Louvier was retained by Deana Abdullah, and he was paid $5,000 as a retainer to

represent her in a divorce. Louvier did not place these funds in his trust account. Louvier was

to meet Abdullah the next day to get her signature and to file certain pleadings. Due to

confusion about where to meet, Louvier could not file pleadings that day. Abdullah then

terminated the representation and requested a refund. Louvier could not refund the fee

because he had used the funds to pay personal debts. After an informal Bar complaint and

an ensuing investigation, the Bar determined that there were several instances of Louvier’s

trust account being overdrawn and that he had commingled client funds with his own.

¶12.   Next, in Cause No. 2015-B-1006, Louvier was found to have violated Rules 1.15(a)

(failed to hold the property of clients and third parties separate from the lawyer’s property

and failed to maintain complete records of trust account funds for seven years after

termination of the representation), 1.15(b) (failed to promptly deliver to a client or third

person funds or property to which they were entitled), 1.16(d) (upon termination, failed to

take reasonable steps to protect a client’s interests such as surrendering papers and property

to which the client was entitled and failed to notify a client or third party of received funds

in which they had an interest), 8.1(b) (failed to disclose a fact necessary to correct a

misapprehension known by the person to have arisen in a matter or knowingly failed to

respond to a lawful demand for information by a disciplinary authority), 8.4(a) (violated or

attempted to violate the rules of professional conduct), and 8.4(d) (engaged in conduct

detrimental to the administration of justice). In this matter, Phil Combs retained Louvier to



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represent him in a domestic matter. Combs terminated Louvier’s representation two days

later. Again, Louvier was unable to refund Combs’s retainer of $2,500. Louvier did not

deposit the client’s funds in his trust account and did not maintain adequate trust records.

Also, shortly after being hired, Louvier was suspended in the first formal complaint and

properly notified Combs of his inability to proceed as his attorney. Although Louvier advised

Combs that his retainer and file would be returned, Louvier did not return the unearned

portion of the retainer. When Combs filed an informal Bar complaint, Louvier failed to

respond and then failed to provide bank records as requested by the Bar.

¶13.   Louvier testified in detail on these two causes for suspension, consistent with the

findings of both Complaint Tribunals. This Court has held that a concrete description of the

petitioner’s actions that led to their suspension is required to satisfy the first requirement

regarding the cause of suspension. Russell v. Miss. Bar,
255 So. 3d 136, 138-39
 (Miss. 2017)

(citing Derivaux v. Miss. Bar,
226 So. 3d 97
 (Miss. 2016)). The Bar asserts that Louvier’s

petition and testimony at the deposition adequately set forth the reasons for his suspension.

We agree with the Bar and find that Louvier has provided sufficient evidence to satisfy this

first requirement.

       2.     Pecuniary Loss

¶14.   In the petition and in his deposition, Louvier claims that he has repaid all funds owed

to former clients, that he has paid costs and expenses related to the underlying formal

complaints, and that he has provided supporting documentation. First, as to Abdullah,

Louvier testified that he initially agreed to refund the full $5,000 and paid a total of $1,500



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in installments over several months, with the remainder of the fee paid via garnishment from

Abdullah’s judgment in justice court. Next, as to Combs, Louvier testified that he refunded

$2,000 of the $2,500 fee with the remaining $500 as Louvier’s earned fee, filing fees, and

service of process fee.

¶15.   The Bar states that Louvier’s petition and his deposition testimony adequately set forth

the pecuniary loss in the underlying cases. Given the Bar’s position and Louvier’s testimony,

we find that Louvier provided “clear and convincing evidence concerning the existence of

pecuniary loss[.]” Russell,
255 So. 3d at 139
.

       3.     Full Amends and Restitution

¶16.   The Bar also states that Louvier has adequately made restitution in the underlying

cases. In requiring that “the attorney seeking reinstatement carr[y] the burden of proving that

he has rehabilitated himself[,]” Louvier has satisfied this requirement.
Id.
 (internal quotation

marks omitted) (quoting Holleman,
826 So. 2d at 1246
).

       4.     Moral Character

¶17.   Louvier testified and provided documentation of his involvement in various civic and

charitable activities since his suspension. Although not required, this Court finds proof of

engagement helpful in deciding whether a petitioner has met this requirement. Id. at 140. For

instance, Louvier served as an auctioneer for a charity, coached elementary school football,

took his emotional support dog for visits with senior citizens at an adult day care, and

participated in the “purple dress run” for Catholic Charities and various events for the local

chamber of commerce. Louvier stated that he also provides bottled water to the homeless,



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and he is a member of Saint Richard Catholic Church.

¶18.   In a similar case, the petitioner provided evidence of involvement in church and

organizations but also provided approximately sixty-six letters of support to his petition. In

re McGuire,
912 So. 2d 902, 903
 (Miss. 2005). Here, Louvier submitted thirty-four letters

of support for his reinstatement. Louvier’s petition is supported by a number of lawyers who

knew and respected Louvier before and after his suspension or worked with him and can

account for the work he has done to rehabilitate himself. The letters of support from

respected members of the Bar are important to this Court.

¶19.   The Bar noted that Louvier appeared mentally and emotionally stable during his

deposition. Louvier testified extensively about his struggles with alcoholism since his

suspension from the practice of law; he has been regularly attending Alcoholics Anonymous

meetings.1

¶20.   As to his employment since his suspension, Louvier’s petition stated that he has

primarily worked for several lawyers and law firms in the Jackson area, performing law-

clerk-related work and service of process. Louvier’s work as a law clerk and process server

was for attorneys Robin White, Matthew Poole, Malouf & Malouf, and John Fike. Louvier

testified that each attorney was aware of his disciplinary history. He testified that he did not

engage in the unauthorized practice of law, and the attorneys he worked for made efforts to

ensure that Louvier was not seen as a lawyer.2 The Bar confirmed that Louvier had been


       1
           Louvier has been sober since November 24, 2021.
       2
         Louvier also previously worked in retail alcohol sales. Louvier testified in detail
related to the various jobs he has had during his time of suspension. This also included

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forthcoming in explaining his disciplinary history to the lawyers who submitted their letters

in support of his reinstatement.

¶21.   Finally, on June 7, 2022, an attorney reported that Louvier’s name was on eight

Subpoena-Returns of Service in one case. Louvier had used his “MS Bar” number in the

space where his social security number should have been placed.

¶22.   The Bar told Louvier of this information and asked for his response. Louvier then

filed a second supplement to his petition for reinstatement. Louvier argued that a return of

service is not a pleading and that nothing contained in a return of service of process could

be construed as the practice of law or a legal opinion or legal advice. Louvier also claimed

that the suspension orders did not prohibit the use of his Mississippi Bar number. Instead,

the suspension orders prohibited the use of phrases such as “attorney-at-law,” “counselor at

law,” “counsel,” or “lawyer.”

¶23.   According to the Bar, Louvier has not met the fourth requirement to show that he has

the requisite moral character for the practice of law. The Bar claims that the use of Louvier’s

Bar number while suspended violates his suspension orders, specifically the provision that

states that he “shall be prohibited from practicing law or holding himself out as an attorney

until such time as he has been reinstated by the Mississippi Supreme Court.” The Bar also

asserts that Louvier’s actions could also violate Rule 11 of the Rules of Discipline for the

Mississippi State Bar, which prohibits Louvier from practicing law while suspended, and

Rule 5.5 of the Mississippi Rules of Professional Conduct, regarding the unauthorized


working at an Allstate insurance office, substitute teaching at Saint Joseph Catholic School,
and being a member of a landscaping crew.

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practice of law.

¶24.   The Bar rejected Louvier’s explanation and noted that this “could lead anyone

viewing the documents to understandably conclude that he was an active and practicing

attorney.” We agree and do not accept his explanation. It was simply not permissible for

Louvier to use his bar number while suspended. Nevertheless, this Court recognizes that

Louvier was well down the path to reinstatement when the Bar learned that Louvier had used

his Mississippi Bar number on several Subpoena-Returns of Service forms filed in one case.

The Court finds that Louvier’s use of his Mississippi Bar number was not permissible but is

not sufficient to deny or further delay his reinstatement. Accordingly, we find that Louvier

has met the jurisdictional requirement of moral character. But, because of Louvier’s

improper use of his Mississippi Bar number, the Court will delay his reinstatement to the

practice of law until ninety days from the issuance of this Court’s mandate.

       5.     Legal Learning

¶25.   Louvier’s petition indicates that he passed the Multi-State Professional Responsibility

Exam with a score of 111 and provided a copy of his National Conference of Bar Examiners

score with his petition. Louvier has not taken any continuing legal education courses but

referenced his time as a law clerk and process server as maintaining his legal learning.

¶26.   The Bar agreed that Louvier has the requisite legal learning to be reinstated to the

practice of law. This Court finds that Louvier has met the jurisdictional requirement of legal

learning.

                                      CONCLUSION



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¶27.   This Court finds that Michael M. Louvier has met the jurisdictional requirements

established in Rule 12 of the Rules of Discipline for the Mississippi State Bar. The Court

reinstates Michael M. Louvier to the practice of law in Mississippi effective ninety days from

the date the Court’s mandate issues.

¶28. PETITION OF MICHAEL MARTIN LOUVIER FOR REINSTATEMENT TO
THE PRACTICE OF LAW IN MISSISSIPPI IS GRANTED EFFECTIVE NINETY
DAYS FROM THE ISSUANCE OF THE COURT’S MANDATE.

    RANDOLPH, C.J., KITCHENS AND KING, P.JJ., COLEMAN, MAXWELL,
BEAM, CHAMBERLIN AND ISHEE, JJ., CONCUR.




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