Opinion Excerpt

Noah Shane Riley v. State of Maryland, No. 1568, September Term, 2023. Opinion by Graeff, J. FOURTH AMENDMENT — REASONABLE SUSPICION — WHREN STOP — MARYLAND DECLARATION OF RIGHTS — PROBABLE CAUSE — STATUTORY INTERPRETATION — RETROACTIVITY — FIFTH AMENDMENT — MIRANDA Traffic stop for crossing the “gore area,” a traffic control device, was reasonable under the Fourth Amendment. Even if the stop was pretextual, it was permitted under the Fourth Amendment, and the Supreme Court of Maryland has con