United States v. Ayala-Pizarro

By amendment, the United States Sentencing Commission lowered the offense levels associated with crack cocaine offenses. See USSG App. C, Amend. 706 (2007). The Commission thereafter issued a declaration of retroactivity with respect to those lowered offense levels. See USSG App. C, Amend. 713 (Supp. May 1, 2008). Focusing on Amendment 706, defendant-appellant Felipe Ayala-Pizarro moved for a reduction of his previously imposed sentence pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 3582(c)(2). 1 *85 The district court found that it lacked authority to reduce the sentence, and Ayala-Pizarro appeals.

Because Ayala-Pizarro’s single-issue appeal poses a question substantially identical to that posed in a second, unrelated case, United States v. Caraballo, we consolidated the two appeals for oral argument. We heard argument on November 5, 2008. We elected, however, to issue separate opinions in the two cases.

The opinion in Caraballo issued on December 22, 2008. See United States v. Caraballo, 552 F.3d 6, 2008 WL 5274853 (1st Cir.2008). In that decision, we held that if an amended guideline does not have the effect of lowering the sentencing range actually used at sentencing, the defendant’s sentence cannot be deemed to have been “based on” that range within the intendment of section 3582(c)(2). Id. at 10-11. Thus, because Caraballo was sentenced as a career offender rather than as a crack cocaine offender, id. at 11-12, Amendment 706 did not pave the way for a sentence reduction even though his underlying offenses were crack cocaine offenses. See id. at 11-12.

Ayala-Pizarro, who was charged with crack cocaine offenses but was sentenced as a career offender, is situated the same as Caraballo in all material respects. Accordingly, this case is controlled by our decision in Caraballo.

To be sure, there are two arguable differences between the cases. To avoid any misunderstanding, we briefly address them.

First, the original sentencing in Cara-ballo took place under an advisory guidelines regime, that is, after the Supreme Court’s decision in United States v. Booker, 543 U.S. 220, 245-46, 125 S.Ct. 738, 160 L.Ed.2d 621 (2005), whereas the original sentencing in Ayala-Pizarro took place under a mandatory, pre-Booker guidelines regime. But as we made pellucid in Cara-ballo, Booker has no effect on whether a career offender’s sentence not “based on” a lowered sentencing range for an underlying offense opens the gate for a sentence reduction under section 3582(c)(2). See Caraballo, 552 F.3d at 10-11.

Second, Caraballo received a non-guideline sentence predicated primarily on his deteriorating health. Id. at 10-11. In contrast, Ayala-Pizarro received a within-the-range sentence. We fail to grasp how this difference works any meaningful distinction between the two cases with respect to the availability of a sentence reduction under section 3582(c)(2).

We need go no further. The appellant’s argument in this case is, for all practical purposes, congruent with Caraballo’s argument: that he was originally sentenced based on a sentencing range that was lowered by the retroactive crack cocaine amendment to the drug quantity table. Here, as in Caraballo, the drug type was alluded to in the course of constructing the defendant’s sentence but, ultimately, the sentence actually imposed was based on a sentencing range derived from the career offender guideline. It follows inexorably that, for the reasons elucidated in Carabal-lo, we must reject Ayala-Pizarro’s appeal.

Affirmed.