Robinson v. Barnhart

*795 ORDER

Pending before the Court are Plaintiffs motion for summary judgment and Defendant’s cross-motion for summary judgment. Dkt. ## 20, 28. The parties have filed responses to the motions and Plaintiff has filed a reply. Dkt. ##27, 31. For the reasons set forth below, the Court will grant Plaintiffs motion and deny Defendant’s cross-motion.

I. Background.

Plaintiff applied for disability insurance benefits and supplemental security income on June 26, 2002, claiming a disability onset date of July 23, 1997. Dkt. # 12, Tr. 61-65. Plaintiff amended his alleged onset date to May 19, 2003. Tr. 15. The application was denied initially and on reconsideration. Tr. 39-42, 45-48. A hearing before an Administrative Law Judge (“ALJ”) was held on June 9, 2004. Tr. 740-86. The ALJ issued a written decision on July 16, 2004, finding that Plaintiff was not disabled within the meaning of the Social Security Act. Tr. 15-24. This decision became Defendant’s final decision when the Appeals Council denied review on November 10, 2005. Tr. 7-9. Plaintiff then commenced this action for judicial review pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 405(g). Dkt. # 1.

II. Standard of Review.

Defendant’s decision to deny benefits will be vacated “only if it is not supported by substantial evidence or is based on legal error.” Robbins v. Soc. Sec. Admin., 466 F.3d 880, 882 (9th Cir.2006). “ ‘Substantial evidence’ means more than a mere scintilla, but less than a preponder-anee, i.e., such relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a conclusion.” Id. In determining whether the decision is supported by substantial evidence, the Court must consider the record as a whole, weighing both the evidence that supports the decision and the evidence that detracts from it. See Reddick v. Chafer,-157 F.3d 715, 720 (9th Cir.1998). The Court cannot affirm the decision “simply by isolating a ‘specific quantum of supporting evidence.’ ” Robbins, 466 F.3d at 882 (quoting Hammock v. Bowen, 879 F.2d 498, 501 (9th Cir.1989)); see Day v. Weinberger, 522 F.2d 1154, 1156 (9th Cir.1975) (same).

III.Analysis.

The ALJ found that Plaintiff had the following severe impairments: chronic hepatitis C, chronic musculoskeletal pain, moderate bilateral foraminal stenosis, history of diarrhea, bipolar disorder, and po-lysubstance dependence. Tr. 16, 23 ¶3. The ALJ further found that these severe impairments did not meet or medically equal a listed impairment. Tr. 16, 23 ¶ 4. The ALJ concluded that Plaintiff had the physical residual functional capacity (“RFC”) to perform a limited range of light exertional work, and that sedentary unskilled jobs existed in significant numbers in the national economy. Tr. 17, 23 ¶ 6, 24 ¶¶ 10-11. 1

Plaintiff argues that the ALJ erred in step five of the sequential evaluation process followed in resolving disability claims, i.e., whether Defendant has shown that Plaintiff had the RFC to perform work existing in significant numbers in the national economy consistent with Plaintiffs age, education, and past work experience. *796 Dkt. # 26 at 4; see 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1520(a)(4), 416.920(a)(4) (setting forth the five-step sequential evaluation process). Specifically, Plaintiff argues that the ALJ erred in (1) assessing the functional limitations caused by Plaintiffs mental impairments, (2) determining the amount of weight afforded to the medical opinions, (3) determining Plaintiffs physical limitations, (4) evaluating Plaintiffs testimony, and (5) determining vocational issues. Dkt. #26 at 4-16. Defendant contends that the ALJ did not err and that her decision is supported by substantial evidence. Dkt. # 30.

As explained more fully below, the Court concludes that Defendant’s decision to deny benefits must be reversed because the ALJ failed to consider all of Plaintiffs impairments in determining Plaintiffs RFC and gave improper weight to medical opinions and Plaintiffs own testimony. The Court accordingly need not address Plaintiffs other challenges to Defendant’s decision.

A. Plaintiffs Impairments.

The ALJ found that Plaintiff had a history of severe diarrhea and abdominal pain and had been diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome and possible celiac sprue disease. Tr. 16, 18, 23 ¶ 3. 2 The ALJ, however, failed to consider these impairments in determining Plaintiffs RFC. This constitutes legal error. “In determining whether an individual’s ... impairments are of sufficient medical severity that such ... impairments could be the basis of eligibility under this section, the Commissioner of Social Security shall consider the combined effect of all of the individual’s impairments without regard to whether any such impairment, if considered separately, would be of such severity.” 42 U.S.C. § 423(d)(2)(B) (emphasis added); see 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1520(c), 416.920(c) (Commission to consider “combination of impairments”); 20 1 C.F.R. §§ 404.1545(a)(2), 416.945(a)(2) (Commission to consider “all” impairments); SSR 96-8p, 1996 WL 374184, at *7 (July 2, 1996) (same); see also Maori v. Chater, 93 F.3d 540, 545 (9th Cir.1996) (Commissioner must consider the combined effect of all impairments in determining whether the claimant is disabled) (citing Gregory v. Bowen, 844 F.2d 664, 666 (9th Cir.1988)); Lester v. Chater, 81 F.3d 821, 830 (9th Cir.1995) (Commissioner “should have considered the combined effect of the claimant’s physical and mental impairments in determining [RFC]”); Hammock, 879 F.2d at 500 (error not to “consider the combined effect of all of Hammock’s impairments on her ability to return to work”). 3

B. Dr. Joseph Nolan’s Opinions.

The medical evidence shows that Plaintiffs primary care physician, Dr. Eduardo Alcantar, treated Plaintiff for his chronic musculoskeletal pain and other physical impairments from August 2002 until June 2004. Tr. 457-71, 654-76, 678-82. Dr. Alcantar referred Plaintiff to rheumatologist Joseph Nolan. Tr. 662, 677. Plaintiff visited Dr. Nolan on October 10, 2003, complaining that “he hurt[ ] all over all the time” and that “his physical activities *797 [were] markedly limited because of this pain.” Plaintiff stated that he could not get any work done because virtually everything that he tried to do made the pain worse. Dr. Nolan’s assessment was that Plaintiff suffered from chronic diffuse mus-culoskeletal pain. Dr. Nolan opined that this pain was “due to the musculoskeletal complications of chronic hepatitis C,” noting that Plaintiff “[did] not truly have a rheumatic disease to explain his problem.” Dr. Nolan discussed his findings with Plaintiff and referred him to a pain management specialist for further evaluation and treatment. Tr. 677. 4

The ALJ concluded that the clinical evidence did not support Plaintiffs allegations of disabling pain and limitations. Tr. 18. In support of this conclusion, the ALJ relied on Dr. Nolan’s opinion that Plaintiff did not have a rheumatic disease. Tr. 18. But the ALJ failed to address Dr. Nolan’s opinion that complications of hepatitis C caused Plaintiff chronic diffuse musculo-skeletal pain. See Tr, 677. The ALJ’s failure to consider and evaluate this opinion constitutes legal error. Commission regulations specifically state that all evidence in a case record will be considered. See 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1520(a)(3), 416.920(a)(3); 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1527(b), 416.927(b). And the Ninth Circuit has held that an ALJ’s rejection of a doctor’s opinion was error and not supported by substantial evidence where the ALJ selectively focused on aspects of the medical opinion suggesting non-disability. See Edlund v. Massanari, 253 F.3d 1152, 1158-60 (9th Cir.2001); Holohan v. Massanari, 246 F.3d 1195, 1205 (9th Cir.2001); Smolen v. Chafer, 80 F.3d 1273, 1286 (9th Cir.1996); Lester, 81 F.3d at 833. 5

Defendant contends, without citing any legal authority, that the ALJ did not err in ignoring Dr. Nolan’s opinion that Plaintiffs pain was caused by complications of hepatitis C because Dr. Nolan was not a treating source since Plaintiff visited Dr. Nolan on only two occasions and referred to Dr. Alcantar as his “primary care physician.” Dkt. # 30 at 9. This contention lacks merit for several reasons. First, the ALJ did not reject Dr. Nolan’s opinion on the ground that he was not a treating doctor. This Court must review the adequacy of the reasons specified by the ALJ, not the post hoc contentions of Defendant. See Connett v. Barnhart, 340 F.3d 871, 874 (9th Cir.2003); Pinto v. Massanari, 249 F.3d 840, 847 (9th Cir.2001) (citing SEC v. Chenery Corp., 332 U.S. 194, 196, 67 S.Ct. 1575, 91 L.Ed. 1995 (1947)); Bunnell v. Sullivan, 947. F.2d 341, 346 (9th Cir.1991) (en banc). Second, the fact that Plaintiff visited Dr. Nolan twice does not preclude a finding that he was a treating source. See 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1502, 416.902; Benton v. Barnhart, 331 F.3d 1030, 1035 (9th Cir.2003) (“Section 404.1502 neither explicitly forbids nor requires crediting a physician ‘treating’ status whose patient contact is ... limited. Its language suggests that ‘a few times’ or contact as little as twice a year would suffice, but it does not state that this frequency of patient contact represents a floor.”). Nor does the fact that Dr. Aean-tar was Plaintiffs primary care physician preclude a finding that Dr. Nolan also treated Plaintiff. See 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1527(d)(2), 416.927(d)(2) (“[W]e give *798 more weight to opinions from your treating sources, since these sources are likely to be the medical professionals most able to provide a detailed, longitudinal picture of your medical impairment(s)[.]”) (emphasis added); SSR 96-5P, 1996 WL 374183, at *2 (July 2, 1996) (referring to “treating sources”). Finally, even if Dr. Nolan was not a treating source, the ALJ was still required to consider and evaluate all of his opinions. Commission regulations state that “[r]egardless of its source, we will evaluate every medical opinion we receive.” 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1527(d), 416.927(d); SSR 96-5P, 1996 WL 374183, at *2 (“[O]pinions from any medical source ... must never be ignored.”); see also Lester, 81 F.3d at 830 (discussing the weight an ALJ should give to various medical opinions).

Defendant further contends that Dr. Nolan could find no medical explanation to account for Plaintiffs pain. Dkt. # 30 at 9. But the ALJ did not assert this as a reason for rejecting Dr. Nolan’s opinion. Moreover, Dr. Nolan specifically stated that he believed Plaintiffs pain was “due to the musculoskeletal complications of chronic hepatitis C.” Tr. 677.

C. Plaintiffs Testimony.

Plaintiff testified at the hearing that he was unable to work due to severe joint and muscle pain. He further testified that he experienced continuous pain throughout his body. Tr. 17, 740-86. The ALJ found this testimony not credible, stating that there was not objective medical evidence of the pain. Tr. 18, 21, 23 ¶ 5.

“Pain of sufficient severity caused by a medically diagnosed ‘anatomical, physiological, or psychological abnormality’ may provide the basis for determining that a claimant is disabled.” Light v. Soc. Sec. Admin., 119 F.3d 789, 792 (9th Cir.1997) (citing 42 U.S.C. § 423(d)(5)(A); Bunnell, 947 F.2d at 344-45). Moreover, “[o]nce a claimant produces objective medical evidence of an underlying impairment, an ALJ may not reject a claimant’s subjective complaints based solely on lack of objective medical evidence to fully corroborate the alleged severity of pain.” Moisa v. Barnhart, 367 F.3d 882, 885 (9th Cir.2004) (citation and alterations omitted); see Smolen, 80 F.3d at 1282 (“The claimant need not produce objective medical evidence of the pain ... itself, or the severity thereof. Nor must the claimant produce objective medical evidence of the causal relationship between the medically determinable impairment and the symptom.”) (citing Bunnell, 947 F.2d at 345-48); 20 C.F.R. §.§ 404.1529(c)(2), 416.929(c)(2) (“[W]e will not reject your statements about the intensity and persistence of your pain or other symptoms or about the effect your symptoms have on your ability to work solely because the objective medical evidence does not substantiate your statements.”); SSR 96-7p, 1996 WL 374186, at *1 (July 2, 1996) (same); see also SSR 95-5p, 1995 WL 670415, at *1 (Oct. 31, 1995) (“Because symptoms sometimes suggest a greater severity of impairment than can be shown by objective medical evidence alone, careful consideration must be given to any available information about symptoms.”). In addition, unless the ALJ “makes a finding of malingering based on affirmative evidence thereof, he or she may only find [the claimant] not credible by making specific findings as to credibility and stating clear and convincing reasons for each.” Robbins, 466 F.3d at 883 (citing Smolen, 80 F.3d at 1283-84). “ ‘General findings are insufficient; rather, the ALJ must identify what testimony is not credible and what evidence undermines the claimant’s complaints.’” Reddick, 157 F.3d at 722 (quoting Lester, 81 F.3d at 834); see Dodrill v. Shalala, 12 F.3d 915, 918 (9th Cir.1993) (same).

In this case, it is undisputed that Plaintiff suffers from chronic hepatitis C and *799 musculoskeletal pain. The ALJ found that these impairments were severe. Tr. 16, 23 ¶ 3. Dr. Nolan opined that Plaintiffs chronic musculoskeletal pain was caused by complications of his hepatitis C. Tr. 677. Plaintiff has thus “produced medical evidence of underlying impairments consistent with his subjective complaints[J” Regennitter v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 166 F.3d 1294, 1296 (9th Cir.1999).

Because the ALJ made no finding that Plaintiff was malingering, she was required to give clear and convincing reasons in support of her adverse credibility finding. Robbins, 466 F.3d at 883. This clear and convincing standard “is the most demanding required in Social Security eases.” Moore v. Comm’r of the Soc. Sec. Admin., 278 F.3d 920, 924 (9th Cir.2002). The ALJ asserted multiple reasons for rejecting Plaintiffs testimony, but none of them is convincing or supported by substantial evidence.

1. Objective Medical Evidence.

The ALJ found Plaintiff not credible because his “allegations of disabling pain and limitations [were] not supported by abnormal clinical findings or objective medical evidence in the record.” Tr. 21. This is an improper reason for disbelieving Plaintiff. See Robbins, 466 F.3d at 884 (holding that lack of objective medical evidence was an improper reason for rejecting the claimant’s testimony of disabling pain where there was evidence that the claimant had severe shoulder, back, and knee impairments) (citing SSR 96-7p, 1996 WL 374186, at *1; Light, 119 F.3d at 792).

Moreover, substantial evidence does not support the asserted reason when the record is considered as a whole. The ALJ concluded that Plaintiffs “abnormal clinical findings were limited to tenderness.” Tr. 18. To the contrary, the overwhelming medical evidence shows that Plaintiff suffered from severe chronic musculoskeletal pain. See Tr. 16. Dr. Alcantar, who treated Plaintiff on a monthly basis for nearly two years, repeatedly diagnosed Plaintiff with chronic hepatitis C, rheumatoid arthritis, arthralgia, and fibromyalgia. Dr. Alcantar’s numerous treatment notes indicate that Plaintiff suffered from chronic pain in his abdomen, back, neck, and joints. Tr. 457-58, 654-76, 678-82. Dr. Alcantar referred Plaintiff to Dr. Nolan, a rheumatic specialist. Dr. Nolan examined Plaintiff and diagnosed him with chronic diffuse musculoskeletal pain. Although Dr. Nolan ruled out a rheumatic disease, he found that Plaintiffs pain was related to his hepatitis C. Tr. 677. Following a second examination, Dr. Nolan indicated that Plaintiffs pain was most likely caused by hepatitis C as opposed to fibromyalgia. Significantly, Dr. Nolan opined that, regardless of the specific diagnosis, Plaintiff “[was] clearly medically disabled from performing gainful employment because of the severity of his pain” and his “physical activities [were] markedly restricted to the point that he [could not] work.” Tr. 738-39. In sum, the ALJ’s conclusion that objective medical evidence did not support Plaintiffs testimony of disabling pain is neither a proper reason for discrediting the testimony nor supported by substantial evidence. 6

2. Plaintiffs Daily Activities.

The ALJ rejected Plaintiffs complaints of disabling pain on the ground that his *800 “testimony at the hearing and statements in the medical records confirmed that [he had] very little impairment in his activities of daily living.” Tr. 20. Specifically, the ALJ found that Plaintiff was the sole caretaker of his two young daughters, was able to drive, cook, and grocery shop, and attended church. Tr. 17-21.

An ALJ “may reject a claimant’s symptom testimony if the claimant is able to spend a substantial part of [his] day performing household chores or other activities that are transferable to a work setting.” Smolen, 80 F.3d at 1284 n. 7 (citing Fair v. Bowen, 885 F.2d 597, 603 (9th Cir.1989)). In this case, the ALJ did not address the limited nature of Plaintiffs daily activities or whether such activities were transferable to the work place. Moreover, an examination of the entire record “shows that the ALJ has erred in characterizing statements and documents contained therein to reach the conclusion that [Plaintiff] exaggerated [his] symptoms.” Reddick, 157 F.3d at 722. Plaintiff testified that he is not always able to get up in the morning and get his daughters off to school, and that his daughters do the laundry after school. Tr. 753, 762, 782. 7 Plaintiff further testified that doing the dishes is painful and that his entire house is a mess because he is unable to vacuum or clean the floors and walls. Tr. 763-64. 8 With respect to cooking and grocery shopping, Plaintiff testified that he usually makes easy meals when he does the cooking and that it is very painful to pick up a gallon of milk and other items at the grocery store. Tr. 487, 765, 783. 9 With respect to driving, Plaintiff testified that it hurts to drive and that he drives as little as possible. Tr. 764-65. 10 Finally, Plaintiff testified that he is not always able to attend church due to his ailments. Tr. 766-67. 11

The Ninth Circuit “has repeatedly asserted that the mere fact that a plaintiff has carried on certain daily activities, such as grocery shopping [and] driving a car, ... does not in any way detract from [his] credibility as to [his] overall disability. One does not need to be ‘utterly incapaci *801 tated’ in order to be disabled.” Vertigan v. Halter, 260 F.3d 1044, 1050 (9th Cir. 2001) (quoting Fair, 885 F.2d at 603); see Reddick, 157 F.3d at 722; Cooper v. Bowen, 815 F.2d 557, 561 (9th Cir.1987); Howard v. Heckler, 782 F.2d 1484, 1488 (9th Cir.1986). Considering the record as a whole and in the proper context, the Court concludes that substantial evidence does not support the ALJ’s conclusion that Plaintiffs daily activities were inconsistent with his pain testimony. See Benecke, 379 F.3d at 594; Vertigan, 260 F.3d at 1050; Reddick, 157 F.3d at 722; Regennitter, 166 F.3d at 1297; see also Holohan, 246 F.3d at 1208.

3. Work Related Issues.

Plaintiff testified at the hearing that he stopped working in May 2003. Tr. 745. The ALJ concluded that this statement was untruthful on the ground that a medical record indicated that Plaintiff “was working in the maintenance department of his apartment complex until July of 2003” and Plaintiff “stated that he was going to try to find part-time work[.]” Tr. 21-22 (citing Tr. 591). The medical record actually provides that Plaintiff “was previously working at [the apartment] complex in the maintenance [department].” Tr. 591 (emphasis added). There is no way to tell from the medical record whether Plaintiff performed maintenance work at the apartment complex after May 19, 2003, the alleged onset date of disability. Moreover, Plaintiff specifically explained at the hearing that he stopped doing maintenance work for the apartment complex prior to May 2003. Tr. 779. The ALJ’s decision to discredit Plaintiffs testimony on this ground is not supported by substantial evidence. In addition, Plaintiffs mere desire to try to find part-time work does not render his disabling pain testimony incredible considering the record as a whole. See Moore, 278 F.3d at 924-25 (“[T]he SSA’s regulations provide for a ‘trial work period’ in which a claimant may test [his] ability to work and still be considered disabled.’ ”) (citing 20 C.F.R. § 404.1592); Lester, 81 F.3d at 833 (“In evaluating whether the claimant satisfies the disability criteria, the Commissioner must evaluate the claimant’s ‘ability to work on a sustained basis.’ Occasional symptom-free periods — and even the sporadic ability to work — are not inconsistent with disability.”) (quoting 20 C.F.R. § 404.1512(a); emphasis in original); SSR 96-8p, 1996 WL 374184, at *7.

4. Plaintiffs Use of Alcohol.

Plaintiff testified at the hearing that he had a history of drug and alcohol use. Plaintiff stated that he occasionally drank one or two beers at night to help him sleep and that he did not get drunk or drink alcohol during the day. Tr. 17, 759-61. The ALJ stated that Plaintiffs “credibility [was] undermined because he denied having any history of alcohol abuse at his consultive evaluation.” Tr. 22 (citing Tr. 486-92 (5/19/03 report of Steven Hirdes, Ed.D., indicating that Plaintiff “denied any history significant for alcohol abuse”)). The ALJ, however, does not cite any evidence showing that Plaintiff had a history of alcohol abuse. The medical evidence is consistent with Plaintiffs testimony at the hearing that he used alcohol in moderation to help him sleep. Tr. 315, 320. Plaintiffs denial of a history of alcohol abuse is not a convincing reason supported by substantial evidence for rejecting Plaintiffs testimony. See Robbins, 466 F.3d at 884, n. 2 (holding that the ALJ erred in finding the claimant’s testimony not credible based on his apparent inconsistent statements regarding alcohol use where the ALJ’s assessment of the claimant’s statements was “missing from the record, and no effort appeared] to have been made to investi *802 gate the possible disparity during the hearing”).

Plaintiff testified at the hearing that alcohol was recommended to him by the nurse practitioner at Dr. Alcantar’s office and that the nurse wrote him a prescription for nightly alcohol with Dr. Alcantar’s acquiescence. Tr. 22, 740-86. The ALJ found it “incredible that [Plaintiffs] doctor or nurse practitioner would recommend the use of alcohol given [Plaintiffs] chronic hepatitis C, bipolar disorder, pain medication, and history of drug and alcohol abuse.” Tr. 22. If the ALJ had developed the record further on this issue, however, she would have learned that Plaintiff was in fact prescribed nightly alcohol by a nurse practitioner at Dr. Alcantar’s office. Dkt. #26 Ex. 4 (2/5/04 prescription by FNP . Sharon Ponce indicating that Plaintiff was “drinking 2 beers each evening for help to go to sleep”). Whether or not prescribing Plaintiff alcohol was sound medical treatment given some of his impairments, the ALJ erred in finding Plaintiff less credible merely because he testified that he had in fact received such treatment.

D. The Decision to Remand for Further Proceedings or an Award of Benefits.

Having decided to vacate Defendant’s decision, the Court has the discretion to remand the case for further development of the record or for an award benefits. See Reddick, 157 F.3d at 728. In Smolen, the Ninth Circuit held that evidence should be credited and an action remanded for an immediate award of benefits when the following three factors are satisfied (1) the ALJ has failed to provide legally sufficient reasons for rejecting evidence, (2) there are no outstanding issues that must be resolved before a determination of disability can be made, and (3) it is clear from the record that the ALJ would be required to find the claimant disabled were such evidence credited. 80 F.3d at 1292; see Varney v. Sec. of Health & Human Servs., 859 F.2d 1396, 1400 (9th Cir.1988) ('Varney II) (“In cases where there are no outstanding issues that must be resolved before a proper determination can be made, and where it is clear from the record that the ALJ would be required to award benefits if the claimant’s excess pain testimony were credited, we will not remand solely to allow the ALJ to make specific findings regarding that testimony.”); Swenson v. Sullivan, 876 F.2d 683, 689 (9th Cir.1989) (same); Rodriguez v. Bowen, 876 F.2d 759, 763 (9th Cir.1989) (“In a recent case where the ALJ failed to provide clear and convincing reasons for discounting the opinion of claimant’s treating physician, we accepted the physician’s uncontradicted testimony as true and awarded benefits.”) (citing Winans v. Bowen, 853 F.2d 643, 647 (9th Cir.1987)); Hammock, 879 F.2d at 503 (extending Varney II’s “credit as true” rule to a case with outstanding issues where the claimant already had experienced a long delay and a treating doctor supported the claimant’s testimony). On many occasions since Smolen, the Ninth Circuit has reaffirmed the rule that improperly rejected evidence must be credited as true. See Harman v. Apfel, 211 F.3d 1172, 1178 (9th Cir.2000); Lester, 81 F.3d at 834; Reddick, 157 F.3d at 729; McCartey v. Massanari, 298 F.3d 1072, 1076-77 (9th Cir.2002); Moisa, 367 F.3d at 887; Benecke, 379 F.3d at 593-95. At least one panel, however, has explicitly held that the “credit as true” doctrine is not mandatory in the Ninth Circuit. Connett v. Barnhart, 340 F.3d 871, 876 (9th Cir.2003) (citing Bunnell, 947 F.2d at 348; Dodrill, 12 F.3d at 919; Nguyen v. Chatter, 100 F.3d 1462, 1466-67 (9th Cir.1996); Byrnes v. Shalala, 60 F.3d 639, 642 (9th Cir.1996)).

*803 The Court need not choose between these “two opposing lines of authority, neither of which has an unimpaired claim to being the law of the circuit.’ ” Greenhow v. Sec. of Health & Human Servs., 863 F.2d 633, 636 (9th Cir.1988), overruled in part by United States v. Hardesty, 977 F.2d 1347 (9th Cir.1992) (en banc). The Court concludes, on the specific record before it, that Plaintiffs testimony of disabling pain should be credited as true and the case remanded for an award of benefits. The ALJ acknowledged in her decision that she had weighed all relevant factors in making her adverse credibility determination. Tr. 22; see Smolen, 80 F.3d at 1284. Moreover, Plaintiffs testimony is consistent with the medical evidence, and at least one doctor explicitly found that Plaintiffs statements regarding the severity of his symptoms were credible and consistent. Tr. 453. The ALJ has acknowledged that if Plaintiffs testimony is credited, a disability finding would be required. Tr. 785; see Tr. 22-24 (finding that steps one through four of the disability evaluation process had been satisfied). Thus, “a remand for further proceedings would serve no useful purpose.” Reddick, 157 F.3d at 730.

IT IS ORDERED:

1. Plaintiffs motion for summary judgment (Dkt.#20) is granted and Defendant’s cross-motion for summary judgment (Dkt.# 28) is denied.

2. Defendant’s administrative decision is vacated.

3. The case is remanded for an award of benefits.